条件假设.ppt

C. 4 假設語氣的用法 I. 條件式(conditional)的假設語 A. 事實條件式(??factual conditionals)--現在及未來式 B. 非事實條件式(??unreal conditionals) --現在及過去式 C. Wish的用法:過去與現在式 II. 假設法語氣(subjunctive) 假設語氣的用法I 條件式(conditional)的假設語: 為表達一種希望,然這希望卻須在某種條件下才可能發生的: If he were here, I would be much happier. (解釋: 因為他不在這兒,所以我不特別快樂) Jane said that if she were twenty years old, she would live in Egypt. (解釋:Jane的條件須為20歲才能住Egypt;然而她現在已不是了,所以無法住在Egypt) A. 事實條件式--現在式 1. 由If子句和結果子句組合. 2. 所表述的為一般事實或科學的實證;兩個子句動詞均用簡單現在式. If 子句 結果子句 If it’s 8a.m. in Chia-Yi, it’s 5p.m. in Tucson. = It is 5p.m. in Tucson if it’s 8a.m. in Chia-Yi. A. 事實條件式--現在式 3. 也可表達一種習慣或經常性發生的事情;此時If子句可用簡單現在式或現在進行式表達;結果子句則只用簡單現在式. E.g. If Jane goes to bed, she puts stuff animals by her side.(=Jane puts stuff animals by her side if she goes to bed.) E.g. If he cannot fall asleep, he watches old movies.(=He watches old movies if he cannot sleep.) A. 事實條件式--現在式 4. 在結果子句可用命令式語氣的動詞以表述指令或邀請的句子. Go swimming if you want to lose weight. If you want to live happy, live simple. Finish the project if you want to graduate. A. 事實條件式--現在式 5. 問句: Do people in Tanzania suffer from drought if it doesn’t rain? Yes, they do./No, they don’t. Will the train station in Germany close down if the storm hits? Yes, it will./No, it won’t. A. 事實條件式--未來式 1. 在假設語裡,結果子句以未來式陳述,為的是表達在某一情形下可能將發生的事: e.g. If the car is not ready in thirty minutes, the gangster will kill the hostage. E.g. The police will shot at the thief if he’s going to run. **雖然結果子句的動詞為未來式,If子句的動詞仍為現在式. A. 事實條件式--未來式 2. If 和Unless均在假設語句中出現;不過意義上不盡相同.Unless陳述負面的條件句. E.g. If a robbery occurs, the alarm will be activated. E.g. Unless a robbery occurs, the alarm will not be activated.= If a robbery doesn’t occur, the alarm will not be activated. A. 事實條件式--未來式 3. 問句: Is the thief going to run if the police pulls out their guns? Yes, he will./ No, he won’t. Will the alarm go off if a robbery occurs? 非事實條件式--現在式 1. 形容不真實,不可能發生或想像不到的事: e.g. I would live in Africa if I