AdventuresontheSeaofInterconnectionNetworks.pptVIP

Part INumber Representation;About This Presentation;I Background and Motivation;“This can’t be right . . . It goes into the red!”;1 Numbers and Arithmetic;Numbers and Arithmetic: Topics;1.1 What is Computer Arithmetic?;Top Ten Intel Slogans for the Pentium;Aspects of, and Topics in, Computer Arithmetic;Using a calculator with √, x2, and xy functions, compute: u = √√ … √ 2 = 1.000 677 131 “1024th root of 2” v = 21/1024 = 1.000 677 131 Save u and v; If you can’t save, recompute values when needed x = (((u2)2)...)2 = 1.999 999 963 x = u1024 = 1.999 999 973 y = (((v2)2)...)2 = 1.999 999 983 y = v1024 = 1.999 999 994 Perhaps v and u are not really the same value w = v – u = 1 ? 10–11 Nonzero due to hidden digits (u – 1) ? 1000 = 0.677 130 680 [Hidden ... (0) 68] (v – 1) ? 1000 = 0.677 130 690 [Hidden ... (0) 69] ;Finite Precision Can Lead to Disaster;Finite Range Can Lead to Disaster;1.3 Numbers and Their Encodings;Encoding Numbers in 4 Bits;1.4 Fixed-Radix Positional Number Systems;More Examples of Number Systems;1.5 Number Radix Conversion;Radix Conversion: Old-Radix Arithmetic;Radix Conversion: New-Radix Arithmetic;Horner’s Rule for Fractions;1.6 Classes of Number Representations;2 Representing Signed Numbers;Representing Signed Numbers: Topics;2.1 Signed-Magnitude Representation;Signed-Magnitude Adder;2.2 Biased Representations;Arithmetic with Biased Numbers;2.3 Complement Representations;Arithmetic with Complement Representations;Example and Two Special Cases;2.4 Two’s- and 1’s-Complement Numbers;One’s-Complement Number Representation;Some Details for 2’s- and 1’s Complement;Which Complement System Is Better?;Why 2’s-Complement Is the Universal Choice;Signed-Magnitude vs 2’s-Complement;2.5 Direct and Indirect Signed Arithmetic;2.6 Using Signed Positions or Signed Digits;Associating a Sign with Each Digit;Redundant Signed-Digit Representations;3 Redundant Number Systems;Redundant Number Systems: Topics;3.1 Coping