土木工程专业英语上册翻译苏小卒同济大学[考试手机专业版].doc

第一单元? Fundamentally,?engineering?is?an?end-product-oriented?discipline?that?is?innovative,?cost-conscious?and?mindful?of?human?factors.?It?is?concerned?with?the?creation?of?new?entities,?devices?or?methods?of?solution:?a?new?process,?a?new?material,?an?improved?power?source,?a?more?efficient?arrangement?of?tasks?to?accomplish?a?desired?goal?or?a?new?structure.?Engineering?is?also?more?often?than?not?concerned?with?obtaining?economical?solutions.?And,?finally,?human?safety?is?always?a?key?consideration.? 从根本上，工程是一个以最终产品为导向的行业，它具有创新、成本意识，同时也注意到人为因素。?它与创建新的实体、?设备或解决方案有关：新工艺、新材料、一个改进的动力来源、任务的一项更有效地安排，用以完成所需的目标或创建一个新的结构。?工程是也不仅仅关心获得经济的解决方案。最终，人类安全才是一个最重要的考虑因素。? Engineering?is?concerned?with?the?use?of?abstract?scientific?ways?of?thinking?and?of?defining?real?world?problems.?The?use?of?idealizations?and?development?of?procedures?for?establishing?bounds?within?which?behavior?can?be?ascertained?are?part?of?the?process.? 工程关心的是，使用抽象的科学方法思考和定义现实世界的问题。理想化的使用和发展建立可以确定行为的边界的程序，是过程的一部分。? Many?problems,?by?their?very?nature,?can’t?be?fully?described—even?after?the?fact,?much?less?at?the?outset.?Yet?acceptable?engineering?solutions?to?these?problems?must?be?found?which?satisfy?the?defined?needs.?Engineering,?then,?frequently?concerns?the?determination?of?possible?solutions?within?a?context?of?limited?data.?Intuition?or?judgment?is?a?key?factor?in?establishing?possible?alternative?strategies,?processes,?or?solutions.?And?this,?too,?is?all?a?part?of?engineering.? 很多的问题，就其本身的性质而言，不能完全被描述?—?—?即使这一事实，在其开始之前。然而还必须找到对于这些问题可接受的工程解决方案，来满足预定的需求。直觉或判断是建立可能的替代策略、?流程或解决方案的关键因素。。而这也是工程的一部分。? Civil?engineering?is?one?of?the?most?diverse?branches?of?engineering.?The?civil?engineer?plans,?designs,?constructs,?and?maintains?a?large?variety?of?structures?and?facilities?for?public,?commercial?and?industrial?use.?These?structures?include?residential,?office,?and?factory?buildings;?highways,?railways,?airports,?tunnels,?bridges,?harbors,?channels,?and?pipelines.?They?also?include?many?other?facilities?t