TheSolutionProcessModel.pptVIP

The Solution Process Model;The Solution Process Model;The Solution Process Model;The Solution Process Model;I. Effect of particle size on solubility of solid in liquid; The rate of dissolution is given by Noyes-Whitney equation which takes into account the two processes necessary for dissolution to occur which are: Saturation of the diffusion layer and diffusion of drug molecules into solvent. dm/dt =KS (Cs-Ct) K = D/h dm/dt =(D/h)S (Cs-Ct) Where: dm/dt is dissolution rate which is the change in mass of solute per time, unit is mg/second. K = Dissolution rate constant (cm/sec). S = Surface area of exposed solid in square cm. D = Diffusion coefficient (square cm/ sec) of the drug in solvent ( a measure of how fast the drug molecules move or diffuse through the solvent. h = Thickness of the diffusion layer ( 0.05 mm thick). Cs = Saturation solubility (Molar or mg/ml). Ct = Solubility at any time t (Molar or mg/ml). ;Example: A preparation of drug granules weighing 5.5 gm and having a total surface area of 2800 cm2 is allowed to dissolve in a 500 ml of water at 25oC. After the first minute, 0.76 gm have dissolved. The saturation solubility (Cs) of the drug is 15 mg/ml. a) Calculate the dissolution rate constant (K) dm/dt =KS (Cs-Ct) dm/dt =0.76gm / 60 seconds = 0.01267 gm/sec X 1000= 12.67 mg/sec S = 2800 cm2 Cs = 15 mg/ml Ct = 0.76 gm / 500 ml = 0.00152 gm/ ml X 1000 = 1.52 mg/ml 12.67 mg/sec = K (2800 cm2) (15 mg/ml - 1.52 mg/ml) K = 0.000336 cm /sec b) If the diffusion layer thickness (h) is 0.005 cm, calculate the diffusion coefficient (D). K = D/h D = K X h D = 0.000336 cm /sec X 0.005 cm = 1.6 X10-6 cm2/ sec c) Suppose that surface area was increased to 5000 cm2, what would be the dissolution rate. dm/dt =KS (Cs-Ct) = (0.000336 cm /sec)(5000 cm2)(15- 1.52 mg/ml) dm/dt = 22.65 mg/sec ; When surface area is 2800 cm2: dm/dt = 12. 67 mg/sec When surface area is 5000 cm2: dm/dt = 22.65 mg/sec i.e., surface