低渗透油田节能型抽油机选型方法研究(最终版)讲解.doc

东北石油大学成人教育学院 石油工程毕业论文 东北石油大学成人教育学院 石油工程毕业论文 摘 要 目前，我国大多数油田已相继进入了开发的中后期，油井逐渐丧失自喷能力，基本上已从自喷转入机采。大庆油田自1981年至2006年底,全油田的抽油机井数达到3万多口，占油田采油井总数的90%，其能耗占油田总能耗的1/3左右,是油田主要耗能设备，对整个油田综合开发效益影响较大。为了实现油田可持续发展的战略目标，降低开采成本，提高油田开发的经济效益，抽油机节能问题已日益引起人们的重视。国内的许多生产厂家正在不断地应用各种新技术，实现抽油机节能的目的，已经有一大批新型的抽油机相继投入油田开采。随着油田的进一步开发，各种新型节能抽油机将会得到更加广泛地推广和应用。 本文根据大庆长垣外围油田的地质特点和开发动态实际，基于低渗透油藏的渗流特点，研究了采油井合理的流动压力界限及产量预测模型在低渗透油藏上的应用；系统阐述了双驴头游梁式抽油机的动力学特性、悬点载荷及扭矩的变化规律，并对其进行了悬点载荷和扭矩的预测。根据预测结果表明，符合现场使用要求，在节能方面具有十分显著的优点；将抽油机基本参数与油田实际应用相结合进行研究，以便于满足现场应用的需要。 关键词：低渗透油田；节能抽油机；双驴头游梁式抽油机 Abstract At present, most of the oilfields in our country have successively entered the middle and late development period, and then the oil wells have lost the flowing ability one by one and basically shifted to the mechanical oil production from the flowing. From 1981 to 2006 the number of rod pumped wells of the Daqing oilfield amounted to over thirty thousand, which held ninety percent of total production wells and one third of total energy consumption more or less, and was the main device of energy consumption with a greater influence upon the overall development benefit in oilfield. In order to achieve the strategic target of the sustainable development in oilfield, decrease lifting cost and raise the economic benefit of oilfield development, the energy saving problem of pumping unit has already aroused peoples high opinion increasingly. Many producers in our country are continuously applying various new technologies to achieve the energy saving aim of pumping unit and many new pumping units have already been used successively in oilfields production. With the further development in oilfield all kinds of new energy saving pumping units will be popularized and applied more widely. The paper, according to the geological features and production performance of the Daqing periphery developed oilfields, studies the reasonable flowing pressure boundary and the use of output prediction models in low permeability reservoirs basing on