Impact analysis of nanoparticle motion me__ chanisms on the thermal conductivity of n__ anofluids.pdfVIP

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 32 (2005) 1111–1118 /locate/ichmtImpact analysis of nanoparticle motion mechanisms on the thermal conductivity of nanofluidsB Junemo Koo, Clement Kleinstreuer T Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Campus Box 7910, Broughton Hall 4160, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, USA Available online 14 July 2005Abstract The relative effects of nanoparticle motion mechanisms of dilute suspensions, i.e., Brownian motion, thermo- phoresis and osmo-phoresis, including size dependence, on the thermal conductivity were theoretically investigated. The Brownian motion effect was found to be more significant by factors of O 106
 and O 108
 when compared to thermo-phoresis and osmo-phoresis, respectively. D 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Nanofluid; Effective thermal conductivity; Brownian motion; Thermo-phoresis; Osmo-phoresis 1. Introduction The measurements of Choi [1], demonstrating significantly enhanced thermal conductivities of quiescent nanofluids, have spawned several theories trying to explain that phenomenon. For example, Yu and Choi [2,3] suggested models based on conventional theory which consider a liquid molecular layer around the nanoparticles. These two models were briefly reviewed by Koo and Kleinstreuer [4]. Others [4–7] argued that Brownian-motion-induced dynamics of nanoparticles generates enhanced micro- convection which results in elevated thermal conductivity measurements. Piazza [8] reviewed experimental results on colloid thermo-phoresis and presented new data suggesting a universal nature0735-1933/$ - doi:10.1016/j.i B Communic T Correspond E-mail addsee front matter D 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. cheatmasstransfer.2005.05.014 ated by J.P. Hartnett and W.J. Minkowycz. ing author. ress: ck@ (C. Kleinstreuer ). J. Koo, C. Kleinstreuer / International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 32 (2005) 1111or the temperature dependence of thermo-phoresis in aqu