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Modeling of Damage Evolution in Soft-Wood Perpendicular to Grain by means of a Discrete Ele.pdf

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Modeling of Damage Evolution in Soft-Wood Perpendicular to Grain by means of a Discrete Ele

a r X i v : c o n d - m a t / 0 4 0 7 1 6 2 v 1 [ c o n d - m a t .m t r l - s c i ] 7 J u l 2 0 0 4 Modeling of Damage Evolution in Soft-Wood Perpendicular to Grain by means of a Discrete Element Approach Falk K. Wittel a,? , Gerhard Dill-Langer b , Bernd-H. Kro?plin a a Institute for Statics and Dynamics of Aerospace Structures, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany b Otto-Graf-Institute (MPA), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 4, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Abstract The anisotropy of wood within the radial-tangential (RT) growth plane has a major in- fluence on the cracking behavior perpendicular to grain. Within the scope of this work, a two-dimensional discrete element model is developed, consisting of beam elements for the representation of the micro structure of wood. Molecular dynamics simulation is used to follow the time evolution of the model system during the damage evolution in the RT plane under various loading conditions. It is shown that the results are in good agreement with experiments on spruce wood, and that the presented discrete element approach is applica- ble for detailed studies of the dependence of the micro structure on mesoscopic damage mechanism and dynamics of crack propagation in micro structured and cellular materials like wood. Key words: wood; fracture; discrete element; damage evolution; molecular dynamics 1 Introduction Wood is probably the most ancient structural material in the world, widely used today in many species, for all kinds of purposes, leading to a world production of roughly 109 tonnes, which is about even to the one of iron and steel [1]. It’s ap- plication in modern civil constructions of large dimensions like stadium roofs or long-span bridges calls for a good understanding of design properties like mod- uli, crushing strength and toughness. Wood is a natural fiber composite, which is ? Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-711-685-7093; fax: +49-711-685-3706 Email address: wit