生物专业英语Lesson-1-_inside_the_living_cell.pptVIP

Lesson One Inside the Living Cell: Structure and Function of Internal Cell Parts;Warming–up Words and phrases Text Analysis Simple exercise Further references ;Warming–up ;动物细胞模式图;Glossary ---about the proteins and organelles inside the living cell Structure and Function--- about the organelles inside the living cell ;1. actin ;2. ;3. ; 4. ; 5. cytoskeleton ; 6. cytoplasm ;7. centriole;8. chemotaxis ;9.;10. ;11. ;12. ; 13. ;14. ;15. ; 16. ;17. ;18. ; 19. ; 20. ; 21. ;22. ; 23. ; 24. ;25. ;26. ;27. endoplasmic reticulum ;28. nuclear envelope ;29. Golgi complex ;30. basal body ;II. Text Analysis;参考翻译;2. The Nucleus: Information Central;参考翻译 2.细胞核:信息中心 在真核生物中，细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核的染色体上携带着遗传物质—DNA（原核生物的遗传物质位于拟核中）。细胞核含有1～2个核仁，核仁主要在细胞分裂的过程中发挥作用。含有多个核孔的核膜将胞核和胞质隔开，小分子物质能自由通过核膜，而大分子物质如mRNA、核糖体等则必须通过核孔穿梭于胞质和胞核中。;3. Organelles: Specialized Work Units;参考翻译 3.细胞器:各司其职 所有的真核生物都包含着多种细胞器，每一种细胞器又行使着不同的功能。本文主要介绍核糖体、内质网、高尔基体、液泡、溶酶体、线粒体和植物细胞中的质体等。;The number of ribosomes within a cell may range from a few hundred to many thousands. This quantity reflects the fact that ribosomes are the sites at which amino acids are assembled into proteins for export or for use in cell processes. A complete ribosome is composed of one larger and one smaller subunit. During protein synthesis the two subunits move along a strand of mRNA, “reading” the genetic sequence coded in it and translating that sequence into protein. Several ribosomes may become attached to a single mRNA strand; Such a combination is called a polysome. Most cellular proteins are manufactured on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Exportable proteins and membrane proteins are usually made in association with the endoplasmic reticulum.;参考翻译 细胞中核糖体的数量往往从几百到几千不等，数量之众反映出在细胞加工过程中核糖体提供了氨基酸装配合成蛋白质的场所，合成的蛋白就地使用或运到别处。完整的核糖体由大、小两个??基组成。在蛋白质合成的过程中，两个亚基沿着mRNA移动，读取mRNA上编码的遗传信息并将其翻译成蛋白。几个核糖体往往串连到一条mRNA单链上，这样形成的复合体叫做多聚核糖体。大多数细胞蛋白是由细胞质中核糖体合成，转运蛋白和膜蛋白的合成则通常与内质网有关。;The endoplasmic reticulum, a lacy a