生物力学教学资料 第三章 力学理论基础2.pdfVIP

BiomechanicsBiomechanics 第三章 力学理论基础 Ch3. Theoretical basis of Mechanics 1 精子游动寻找卵子，胎 儿生产的强烈挤压，新生儿 啼哭与婴儿肺扩张和气体充 盈的关系，血液流动与生命 活动的关系,……均有力学规 律存在。 2 3.1 Concept of Force 3 3.1.1 Definition of force Definition: Force is a vector quantity which has a point of application, a direction and a magnitude. It therefore, should follow the rules of vector manipulation. It is caused by muscle contraction, gravitation attraction, and other physical and mechanical effects. Namely, the interaction between objects. Unit: ?? s/mkgN 2 4 3.1.2 Types of force Types: External forces and Internal forces（与研究对象 有关）; or Kinetic Loading and Static Loading（与模型 简化有关）; or concentrated force and distributed force(Linear Loading, Surface Loading and Bulk Loading) (与模型简化有关）； Internal forces: 1)Internally applied forces: forces exerted by active muscle and tendons. 2)Internal constraint forces: forces occurring on the joint contact surface, in the ligament structure and within the bone or between bone and prosthetic components. 5 Types of force （Cont‘） Effects of forces:力是物体运动状态（平动）改变的原因。 External effects - movement or balance (change of the state of motion) Internal effects - deformation or demage Detail forces: 1、重力（Gravity）—— 物体受到的地球吸引力，即 ? ? gmG ? ，均匀、连续性 2、接触力（Contact force）——当外力作用在物体上时， 在接触面之间因接触变形产生的作用力；——法向反力 （normal reaction force） 6 Types of force （Cont‘） 3、摩擦力（Frictional force) ——在两物体相互挤压 变形的接触面???，阻碍物体沿接触面的相对滑 动或相对滑动趋势的力；——切向反力