02细菌生理和消毒灭菌.pptVIP

Chapter2 Bacterial Physiology outline Physical and Chemical Properties Growth and Proliferation Metabolism Cultivation Method Classification and Nomenclature I Physical and Chemical Properties Chemical composition Water, inorganic salts, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids Macronutrients(macroelements) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and other metal ions (potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron) The first six(C, O, H, N, S, and P) are components of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Micronutrients(trace elements) Physical properties Optical property Surface area Charged phenomena Semi-permeability Osmotic pressure II Growth and Proliferation Bacterial requirements for growth Nutrients pH Temperature Oxygen Osmotic pressure (Optimal environmental condition) Nutrients Nutrient Requirements Carbon sources Nitrogen sources Inorganic salts and trace elements Growth factors Water Nutritional types of bacteria Autotroph reduced inorganic molecules Heterotroph organic molecules saprophyte parasite Uptake of nutrients by bacteria Passive diffusion simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport pH Many bacteria grow best at neutral pH. (pH 7.2-7.6) Some specialized bacteria can survive and even grow in acid or alkaline conditions. T.B. pH 6.5-6.8 V. cholerae pH 8.4-9.2 Oxygen Requirements Obligate aerobes Must grow in the presence of air They can not carry out fermentation Microaerophilic bacterium Grow well in low concentrations of oxygen Killed by higher concentrations of oxygen Facultative anaerobe Perform both fermentation and aerobic respiration Can survive in the presence of oxygen Obligate anaerobe Obligate anaerobes Do not carry out oxidative phosphorylation Killed by air Lack certain enzymes cytochrome and cytochrome oxidace superoxide dismutase (SOD) O2- + 2H+ to H2O2 catalase 2H2O2 to 2H2O + O2 peroxidase H2O2 to H2O using NAD to NADH Growth and multiplication