科学概念的指称与投射.PDFVIP

科學赩概念的指稱牟與犕投俈射韗 Referrennce annd Prroojecttioonn oof Sciennttific Coonnceppttss Coonnceppttss 陳疢瑞麟 RuueyyRuueyy----LinnLinn Chenn 東吳佣大學赩哲鞦學赩系倐 rruueyylinn@sscuu.eduu.ttww 本文發表於 2003 年年年《? 年《?《?《?歐美研究倏歐美研究倏》?》?》?第甚三十三卷》?第甚三十三卷，ā，ā，ā第甚一期，ā第甚一期，ā，ā，ā頁靧，ā頁靧頁靧頁靧125125125- 125 ---192192192192。?。?。?。? 中文摘躔要：?：?：? 本文將啽論證訥，ā針玸對蹹說狄明「?科學赩語犾詞（?也就是「?科學赩概念」?）?和世界的關詉係」? 這疄個鞄議題覹上，ā分析傳統甤的「?指稱牟的因果理噆論」?和「?指稱牟」?的觀念兩者都疖將啽面對蹹難詋 以解決俩的困佷境蹜。?「?投俈射韗」?(projection) 的觀念才是更俐好的途疓徑韬，ā科學赩語犾詞和科學赩概 念是透疏過跸「?投俈射韗」?而和世界建立一定的相互關詉係。? 本文試圖蹙提出一個鞄科學赩概念的「?經驗投俈射韗理噆論」?。?我侷們靽將啽以量熱學赩、?熱力學赩、? 燃趶素獂理噆論等等實蹴際狽的科學赩案頥例，ā來詳細甩論證訥下列論旨：?(1) 心智將啽科學赩概念投俈射韗 到世界，ā並建構躬可落實蹴模型來印證訥它們靽。?(2) 每俟個鞄科學赩概念是一個鞄概念網牺路跡的一 部疔分。?(3) 科學赩概念與犕現噇象的關詉聯由其在概念網牺絡中的位置來決俩定。?(4) 科學赩概 念所投俈射韗的對蹹象被畦落實蹴之後，ā此概念才指稱牟該被畦落實蹴的物體。?(5) 出現噇在不同理噆 論中的語犾詞對蹹應了不同的科學赩概念。? 關詉鍵詞：?：?：?科學赩實蹴在論：? 、?指稱牟的因果理噆論、?投俈射韗、?科學赩概念、?科學赩哲鞦學赩 Abstract What is the relation between scientific terms (scientific concepts) and the world? , In this article I argue that the several versions of causal theory of reference fail to provide a good answer to this question. As the notion of reference is presupposed, the versions would encounter some unsolvable difficulties. But there is better approach along the notion of projection. I claim that some degree correlation between scientific terms or concepts and the world can be established through projection. This article proposes and develops an Empirical Projection Theory (EPT) for scientific concepts. The theory exhibits an essential characteristic of scientific concept: empirical projectibility. EPT claims the following theses. (1) Scientific concepts can be projected onto the world by the mind and confirmed by constructing realizable models. (2) Each scientific concept