2017HRG8B-unit3-grammer-现在完成时态与一般过去时态.ppt

Unit 3;Unit 3 Online tours;Unit 2 Travelling;一般过去时态(simple past tense)和现在完成时态(present perfect tense) 都可以表示过去发生的动作，两者之间的用法有什么区别呢，今天我们来学习一下。;1.现在完成时态与一般过去时 态的结构和用法;现在完成时态;一般过去时态;2.现在完成时态与一般过去时 态的区别;1)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态与现在的情况有联系，侧重这一动作对现在所造成的影响。;He has read that book. (说明他现在知道那本书的内容。) He read that book last year. (只说明他去年读过那本书。 ) He has gone to America. (他现在不在此地， 到美国去了。) He went to America. (只说明他去过美国。);2) 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, … ago, in 1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语： since +时间点, for+时间段, so far, ever, already, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, once, twice, many times等，皆不确定的时间状语。;句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （×）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （√）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.?;3)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，提问时常用when或what time；而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，提问时常用how long。;4) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，常跟连用的动词一般是延续性动词，如：live, teach, learn, work, study, know。 　一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，常跟连用的动词一般是非持续性动词，如： come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。;1. I ________heard of that story before. A. don’t have B. not have C. have not D. not to have 2. She’ s never been to that factory,_________? A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she 3. Have you made dumplings__________? No, I haven’t. A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. before 4. Tom________ ill since last night. A. was B. is C. has been D. be 5. How long have you_ ________ Nanjing? A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to ;6. How many times has Jim _______that park? Twice. A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to 7. I’ve______ this dictionary for half a year. A. bought B. had C. lended D. borrowed 8. She won’t go to the cinema this evening because she ________the film before. A. has seen B. saw C. sees D