Lecture緒论.pptVIP

;Contrastive vs. Comparative Linguistics ;Content of contrastive study;Phonetics ;我刚来北京，请多多关照Chinese: 31231，31114foreigner: 11111，11111 你嚎小姐刘，我恨歌星扔死你。 服务员，给我两个报纸，一笼轿子，还有一碗红烧屁股。 ;英语也有四声？;最长四声句子;下面是饭店让丽丽记住的事情：要是顾客是个意大利的顾客，丽丽就要订印度菜，但是要是顾客是个印度的，丽丽会订意大利面，但要是是个澳大利亚的顾客，丽丽该订澳大利亚菜 (73) 二位教授批判澳大利亚教育政策，认定校内试卷测验太费力，最重要就是在校掌握做意大利菜技术，邓教授意见却是，印度菜是澳大利亚大众最爱，印度菜用蒜、酱、醋，邓教授最爱印度菜。(75);Vocabulary ;;Way of Thinking ;西方人: 分析思维 同一性：事物本质不发生变化，一个事物永远是它自己 非矛盾性：一个命题不可能同时对 或错 排中性：一个事物要么对，要么错，无中间性;Ten Pair of Features ;1. Synthetic vs. Analytic; An analytic language is marked by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms. ;Modern English has become analytic but still frequently uses some hereditary inflections from Old English. It is therefore a synthetic-analytic language. Chinese is a typical analytic language. Inflection, word order and the use of function words are employed as the three grammatical devices in building English sentences;1.1 Inflectional vs Non-inflectional; 1.2 Word Order:  Flexible vs. Inflexible;他的讲话并无前后矛盾之处。 There is no inconsistency in what he said. There is nothing inconsistent in what he said 她闪亮的眼睛说明她非常激动。 Her sparkling eyes betrayed her great excitement. The sparkle of her eyes betrayed her great excitement. ;1.3 The Use of Function Words;I have lived here for more than a year. I have lived here for more than one year. 我住在这里已有一年多了。（一年又几个月） 我住在这里已不止一年了。（可能两年或三年） ;2. Compact vs. Diffusive ;这姑娘长得漂亮，鹅蛋形脸，两眼又深又黑，披着又长又密的头发。 She is a pretty girl, with an oval face, deep dark eyes, and long heavy clinging tresses. 他有个女儿，在北京工作，已经打电话去了，听说明天就能回来。 He has a daughter, who works in Beijing. Someone has phoned her and it is said that she will be back tomorrow. ;许多房子，盖着琉璃瓦，曲曲折折，无数的朱红栏杆。 Many houses are roofed with glazed tiles and set within numerous winding red balustrades. ; Ambiguity in Chinese 准备了两年的食物 喜欢的是她