CT诊断技术资料汇编.docVIP

初步CT诊断技术 汇编 中国援厄立特里亚第八批医疗队 Initial CT diagnostic techniques CT的成像原理及图像特点Imaging principles and characteristics of the CT image 1、 CT的成像基本原理The basic principles of CT imaging CT是用X线束对人体某部一定厚度的层面进行扫描，由探测器接收透过该层面的X线，转变为可见光后，由光电转换变为电信号，再经模拟/数字转换器（analog/digital converter）转为数字，输入计算机处理。图像形成的处理有如对选定层面分成若干个体积相同的长方体，称之为体素（voxel）。扫描所得信息经计算而获得每个体素的X线衰减系数或吸收系数，再排列成矩阵，即数字矩阵（digital matrix），数字矩阵可存贮于磁盘或光盘中。经数字/模拟转换器（digital/analog converter）把数字矩阵中的每个数字转为由黑到白不等灰度的小方块，即象素（pixel），并按矩阵排列，即构成CT图像。所以，CT图像是重建图像。每个体素的X线吸收系数可以通过不同的数学方法算出。 CT is the level of the body of a unit of X-ray beam to scan a certain thickness, the level received by the detector through the X-ray, visible light converted by the photoelectric conversion into electrical signals, and then the analog / digital converter (analog / digital converter) to digital, enter computer processing. Processing the selected image forming like the same volume level is divided into a plurality of rectangular, called a voxel (voxel), shown in Figure 1-2-1. The information obtained by the scanning of each voxel is calculated to obtain the X-ray attenuation coefficient or the absorption coefficient, and then arranged in a matrix, i.e., a digital matrix (digital matrix), a matrix can be stored in a digital disk or CD-ROM. By the digital / analog converter (digital / analog converter) digital matrix into each number ranging from black to white gray small box that pixel (pixel), and press the matrix arrangement constitutes a CT image . Therefore, CT image is reconstructed image. X-ray absorption coefficient can be calculated for each voxel by different mathematical methods. 2、CT图像特点CT图像是由一定数目由黑到白不同灰度的象素按矩阵排列所构成。这些象素反映的是相应体素的X线吸收系数。不同CT装置所得图像的象素大小及数目不同。大小可以是1.0×1.0mm，0.5×0.5mm不等；数目可以是256×256，即65536个，或512×512，即262144个不等。显然，象素越小，数目越多，构成图像越细致，即空间分辨力（spatial resolution）高。CT图像的空间分辨力不如X线图像高。 CT image characteristics CT image is produced by a number of different gray scale from black to white pixels arranged in a matrix of the composition. Th