科技英语基本知识点.ppt

科技英语基本知识;科技英语简介（Instruction）;常用较长的名词词组 Machine control systems designing techinque Wheel and axle mechanical advantage computation problems（差动滑轮机械效益计算问题） 许多来自希腊语或拉丁语的科技术语 Mathematics, electron, pneumatic Focus, radius 科技词汇的构造都比较有规律 Metal-metallic-metalline-metalliferous-metallography-metallographic-metallographer ;长句较多，但结构不离奇，句型变化幅度不大；长句较多主要由于大量短语和从句作为修饰成分； 动词的被动语态用的很多 科技英语里所用的动词时态不过七、八种，都比较简单 科技英语中，间接宾语用的较少 （主语）补语、独立分词短语、“It is…that”强调结构、动词的虚拟语气用的较多 ;（主语）补语、独立分词短语、“It is…that”强调结构、动词的虚拟语气用的较多 Such a machine is called a driller. There are various kinds of metal, each having its special uses in industry. It is the potential difference that makes the electric current flow. If air were all oxygen, even metals would burn easily. ;词汇知识（Vocabulary Knowledge）;同音异义词、同形异义词、同音同形异义词（与多义词不同） seesea coarsecourse weekweak lead[li:d] [led] tear[ti ] [t ] wind[wind] [waind] Bear, light, base 近形词 internalinterval UnitUnite throughthoroughthoughthought 单义词、多义词 1）metallic, cam, turbine 2）power, board ;几个词结合起来，构成一个成语，意义与各个词的本来语义大不相同，只能作为生词来记忆 In apple-pie order on one’s beam-ends ;词组的意义多少是原来各词意义的相加，按习惯固定配合使用，为固定用法 1）介词短语：infact, as a rule, in a minute, for the purpose of 2）动词组合： take place, make sure, take note (of), be aware (of) 3）动词（或其他词）与介词（或副词）的搭配关系：rely on, reliance on, ignorant of 4）动词与名词的搭配：achieve successes, make a mistake, do justice, take measures 5）形容词与名词、或副词与动词的搭配：fine feed, foreign matter, crude oil, try hard, snow heavily 6）其它固定用法：make up one’s mind, as far as …is concerned, to and fro, rather…than, not only…but also 固定用法对正确分析一个句子，有重大的关系 1）The successful operation of a lathe depends to a great extent and sometimes to a very great extent on the grinding of the tools 2）Metals are so useful in all branches of industry, including such fundamental industries as machine-building, ship-building and national defence, that their importance can scarcely be over-emphasized. 3） Efforts to automatize industrial plants in different fields,which have been made in the rec