机电专业英语第2版23Unit 23自动控制系统[修改版].ppt

Unit 23;; Automatic Control System; An automatic control system is a preset closed-loop control system. An automatic control system has two process variables associated with it; a controlled variable and a manipulated variable. A controlled variable is the process variable that is maintained at a specified value or within a specified range. For example, in the water tank lever control system, the storage tank level is the controlled variable. A manipulated variable is the process variable that is acted on by the control system to maintain the controlled variable at the specified value or within the specified range. For the previous example, the flow rate of the water supplied to the tank is the manipulated variable.; Functions of Automatic Control In any automatic control system, the four basic functions that occur are: Measurement, Comparison, Computation, Correction. In the water tank level control system in the example above, the level transmitter measures the level within the tank. The level transmitter sends a signal representing the tank level to the level control device, where it is compared to a desired tank level. The level control device then computes how far to open the supply valve to correct any difference between actual and desired tank levels.; Elements of Automatic Control The three functional elements needed to perform the functions of an automatic control system are: A measurement element, an error detection element and a final control element. Relations between these elements and functions they perform in an automatic control system are shown in Fig. 23-1. The meas-uring element performs the measuring function by sending and evaluating the controlled variable. The error detection element first compares the value of the controlled variable to the desired value, and then signals an error if a deviation exists between the actual and desired values. The final control element responds to the error signal by correctin