刘觉平群论期末考试2012(A)s.docVIP

The final examination in Group Theory School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Winter semester, 2012. (A-version) 1.(10points) (a) What is a cyclic group? Illustrate your answer through examples. (b) Suppose be a cyclic group with order of generated by an element . Prove that for every positive factor of the order n, there must be a unique r-order subgroup of . Proof: (b) We can find some integer such that so that there is an element with and generates a cyclic subgroup of , namely If has an other subgroup with the order of , then there must be an other element with , such that , Now let , Therefore Otherwise, in contradiction with . We conclude that Namely which means that Further and thus 2. (20points) (a) Find the matrix elements of the group elements (23) and (123) in the natural two-dimensional representations of . (b) Find all the matrix elements of the above two-dimensional representations of . (c) Determine the character of the above two-dimensional representations of . (d) For two irreducible representations and , what is the value of the scalar product of their two characters and ? (e) Prove that the natural two-dimensional representations of is irreducible. Solution: (a) Consider is a symmetry of the equilateral triangle. Taking the center of the triangle be the origin, and the Cartesian basis of as and (directed to the vertex 1 of the triangle), then a reflection (interchange the vertices 2 and 3 of the triangle) has the action in so that Noticing that is, in fact, a rotation through , , then Therefore (b) (c) Taking the trace for every matrix of the natural representation, we get the character of the above two-dimensional representations of (d) for irreducible representations and of . (e) The two-dimensional representation of we have constructed is irreducible because 3. (20points) Consider a per