ESP汽车英语中英对比Unit4passageA高等教育发行社.pptVIP

Automobile Drive Line; The transmission is used to vary the ratio of crankshaft turns to driveshaft turns in order to obtain satisfactory power, acceleration, and fuel economy under alf conditions of load. It also makes it possible to reverse the direction of rotation of the driveshaft so that the vehicle can be driven in reverse. vary 改变；变化 ratio 比率 变速器是用来改变曲轴与传动轴之间的传动比以便在任何载荷的情况下都能获得令人满意的功率，加速度及燃油经济性。它同样也使政变传动轴的转向成为可能，从而使汽车可以实现倒行。 ; Both manually operated (standard) transmissions and automatic transmissions are currently in use. Three-speed and four-speed standard transmissions are available, as are two-speed and three-speed automatic transmtssions. manually 手动的 手动（标准配置）变速器和自动变速器当前都有使用。不仅可选用3速和4速标准手动变速器，而且也可选用2速和3速自???变速器。 Friction clutches couple engines to standard transmissions, and fluid couplings -- nearfy always the torque converter type - are used with automatic units. 摩擦式离合器联结发动机与手（标准配置）变速器，液力耦台器（但多数是液力变矩器）则用于自动变速器。; The driveshaft connects the transmission to the differential, and the differential drives the rear axles. The differential provides a fixed ratio of driveshaft turns to rear axfe turns. Thus, it has much to do with the performance, and operating economy of a vehicle. Fixed 固定的 传动轴连接变速器与差速器，差速器驱动后轴转动。差速器提供一个固定的传动轴与驱动轴之间的传动比。因此，它与车辆的性能和操作经济性大有关系。 A few automobiles - both American and foreign – are equipped with front wheel drive systems. 一些汽车（美国及美国以外的）装备前轮驱动系统。;Gears; Gear ratio. In a specific transmission gear range, the torque of an automobile driveshaft and speed of the automobile depend on the torque and speed of the engine and on the gear ratios of the transmission and differential. The principles of speed and torque are well illustrated by the design of a gearset. For example, if a larger gear having a radius of 6 inches is meshed with a smaller gear of a 3-inch radius, the gear ratio is two to one (2:1). Since the larger gear has the same number of teeth per inch of gear circumference, it has twice as many tee