专业英语第六章..docxVIP

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专业英语第六章.

Ergonomics 6.1 The origin of ergonomics Ergonomics is the scientific discipline that is concerned with the interaction between humans and artifacts and the design of systems where people participate. It deals with the design of systems that people use at work and leisure,tools that are used to perform tasks,and procedures and practices that organize human activity. The purpose of the design activities is to match systems, jobs,products and environments to the physical and mental abilities and limitations of people. A complementary way to make a system function is to train and educate the operator or the user of the system. Ideally,however,systems should be designed so that they are intuitive to use and do not require special training or education. 人因学是一门关于人和人工产品和人们参与的系统设计之间的交互作用的一门科学学科。它是处理人们使用在工作和休闲的系统设计,用于执行任务,过程和组织人类活动实践的工具。设计活动的目的是为了匹配系统,工作、产品和人们生理和心理的能力和局限性的环境。一个额外的系统功能的方法是培训和教育系统的操作员或用户。然而,理想情况下,系统应该设计成能直观的使用,并且不需要特殊培训或教育。 The word ergonomics comes from the Greek ergo(work)and homos(rules,law). It was first used by Wojciech Jastrzebowski in a Polish newspaper in 1857. One may argue that ergonomics is nothing new. Hand tools,for example,have been used since the beginning of mankind,and ergonomics was always a concern. Tools concentrate and deliver power,and aid the human in tasks such as cutting,smashing,scraping and piercing. Various hand tools have been developed since the Stone Age,and the interest in ergonomic design can be traced back in history. 人因学这个单词来自希腊人名ergo(工作)和homos(规则、法律)。在1857年Wojciech Jastrzebowski在波兰的一家报纸上第一次使用。有人可能认为,人因学不是什么新东西。例如,手工具,自人类开始使用,人因学总是一个被关注的事。工具传递着它的力量,帮助人类,如切割、粉碎、刮和穿刺。各种手工具从自石器时代就被开发出来了,对人因学设计的兴趣可以追溯回历史中去。 Ramazzini,in the eighteenth century,published a book,The Diseases of Workers,where he documented links between many occupational hazards and the type of work performed. He described,for example,the development of cumulative trauma disorder and believed that these events were caused by repetitive motions of the hand,by constrain

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