应用光学8.1—8.3.ppt

;8.1 Optical Performance Of Telescope;8.1.1 Magnifying Power;The relationship among the magnifying power, volume体积 and weight重量 of the instrument:;The relationship between the magnifying power and the field angle of view 2ω:;8.1.2 Field Angle Of View: 2ω;8.1.3 Exit Pupil Diameter D’;According to the diffractive resolution equation, we have;For the instruments which are used in the laboratories or workshops the real magnifying power is greater than the effective magnifying power and the exit pupil diameter is equal to 1mm. In this case we can increase the subjective brightness by enhancing the illumination照明.;在一定的物镜口径条件下,望远镜的衍射分辨率 一定,单纯增加视放大率也不会看清更多细节,只 会降低主观亮度 。;8.1.4 Exit Pupil Distance;8.1.5 Resolution Power α;8.1.6 Parallax Angle ε视差角;Parallax represented by diopter视度: According to the equation of the diopter, we have;8.2 The Objectives 目镜 Of The  Telescope;8.2.1 Effective Focal Length;8.2.2 Relative Aperture;The relative aperture of an objective is the ratio of the entrance pupil diameter D to the effective focal length f0 When f0 and D are determined, the relative aperture of the objective lens can be determined, too.;8.2.3 Field Of View;三、望远镜的物镜;（一）Refractive Telescope Objective(折射式望远物镜);（2）Two Separate Single Lens(双分离物镜);用光学零件位置的变化，实现调焦作用的光学系统称为调焦系统。;当物体在有限远时，移动物镜中的一块负透镜，使物镜所成的像仍然在固定的分划板处。这种系统就称为内调焦系统。该系统尺寸小，携带方便，密封性能好，在大堤测量仪器中多采用此光路.;当物体在有限远时，移动物镜中的一块负透镜，使物镜所成的像仍然在固定的分划板处。这种系统就称为内调焦系统。该系统尺寸小，携带方便，密封性能好，在大堤测量仪器中多采用此光路.;（二）Reflective Telescopic Objective Lens (反射式望远物镜);Cassegrain System(卡塞格林系统)是由两个反射镜组成，主镜是抛物面，副镜是双曲面，所成的是倒像，这种结构的筒长比较短。;Gregorian System(格里高里系统)也是有两个反射面组成，主镜仍为抛物面，副镜改为椭球面，所成的像正像,这种结构的筒长比较长。;（三） refractive-reflective telescopic objective lens (折反射系???);施密特物镜由球面主镜和施密特校正板组成。;马克苏托夫物镜由球面主镜和副弯月型厚透镜组成。;四、Eyepiece Of Telescopes（望远镜目镜）;目镜是一种小孔径、大视场、短焦距、光阑在外面的光学系统。;1、惠更斯目镜和冉斯登目镜;场镜所产生的轴外差很大，很难予以补偿。所以该目镜结构不宜在视场光阑平面上设置分划板，因此惠更斯目镜不宜用在测量仪器中。;在成像质量上，由于冉斯登目镜的间隔小， 所以冉斯登目镜的场曲小于惠更斯目镜的场曲。;2、凯涅尔(Kellner)目镜;3、对称式(Symmertrical)目镜;4、无畸变(Orthoscopic)目镜;这种目镜的镜目距