第四章血液循环（第二节）《生理学》双语.pptVIP

第二节 心脏的生物电活动和生理特性 Myocardial Bioelectric Phenomena;心脏(heart)： four chambers: two atria, two ventricles. pumps blood to the lungs and to the entire body. 心肌组织生理特性： 兴奋性(excitability) 自律性(autorhythmicity)电生理特性 传导性(conductivity) 收缩性(contractivity) — 机械特性;心肌细胞(myocardial cell)分： 工作细胞(working cardiac cell)： 心房肌和心室肌 收缩性，兴奋性，传导性，无自律性。 自律细胞：(特殊传导系统)： 窦房结P细胞(pacemaker cell) 浦肯野细胞(Purkinje cell) 有兴奋性、传导性，自律性，收缩功能基本丧失 窦房结?房室交界?房室束?末梢浦肯野细胞 心肌细胞按0期去极化速度分： 快反应细胞、慢反应细胞;;Resting Potential: -90 mV Action Potential Phase 0: Depolarization Phase 1: Early phase of rapid repolarization Phase 2: Plateau Phase 3: Late phase of rapid repolarization Phase 4: Resting phase;1.静息电位RP：-90mv 机制：静息时，K+通道开放， K+离子外流的平衡电位。;;2. 动作电位AP;Myocardial cell;Action potential Phase 0 Threshold potential (-70mV) Opening of fast Na+ channel Regenerative cycle;Phase 1 Transient outward current, Ito K+ current activated at –20 mV opening for 5~10 ms ;Phase 2 (平台期) Inward current Outward current (Ca2+ Na+ current) (K+ current) ;Types of Ca2+ channels in cardiac cells: (1) L-type (long-lasting) (Nowycky, 1985) (2) T-type (transient) (Nowycky, 1985) ;Ca2+ channels;Outward current (K+ current): (1) inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) (2) delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) ;电流方向：以正离子流动的方向来命名。 内向电流：膜外正离子内流/膜内负离子外流?膜内电位正性转化?去极化(depolarization)。 外向电流：膜内正离子外流/膜外负离子内流?膜内电位负性转化?复极化(repolarization)/超级化(hyperpolarization)。 ;内向整流IK1通道和外向整流;Phase 3 Inactivation of Ca2+ channel Outward K+ current dominates IK: Progressively increased IK1: Regenerative K+ Outward Current ; Action potential duration (APD) ;Phase 4 Na+-Ca2+ exchange Sarcolemmal Ca2+ pump SR Ca2+ pump Na+-K+ pump ;心室肌纤维(快反应细胞)AP的离子机制总结;自律性细胞的跨膜电位特点(重点内容): 4期自动去极化;Working cells Autorhythmic cells Phase 4 stable potential Phase 4