第三章英语学术论文写作与发表.docVIP

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第三章英语学术论文写作与发表

PAGE 6 第三章英语学术论文写作与发表 摘要(Abstract)撰写 一篇论文的摘要是读者的第一个信息来源,是论文能够流通共享的重要因素,它通常被看做是一篇论文最重要的部分之一,拥有独特的功能:1)论文的缩影;2)决定发表机构是否收录;3)促进流通性。论文摘要的内容要包括整篇论文正文的主要内容:研究背景,研究目的,研究方法,研究发现和研究结论。正因为摘要需要展现文章整体情况这一原因,才把摘要放在完成主体论文后来写。 从语言和信息内容来看,摘要的语言具有高度概括性,信息内容精炼,尽量用最少的语言传达最多的信息,同时有保证语篇结构的连贯性(黄国文,葛达西,张美芳,2011),因此,在格式上,若论文较长,摘要字数须控制在200字左右,最好不要超过500字;若论文较短,50—100字的摘要即可。 有些机构要求论文发表时在摘要后写上论文的关键词(Keywords),通常是名词,名词短语和动名词。 为了更好地理解摘要部分要怎么来写,我们来看看摘自文章“Food insecurity and low income in an English inner city”的摘要(Abstract)部分的句子都有什么含义。 Ex. 3-7 Abstract Background Low incomes may not provide the minimum requirements for healthy living. We evaluated experiences of food insecurity in relation to income in inner London. Methods Subjects attending 10 general medical practices completed a short self-administered questionnaire, including the short form Household Food Security Scale and a short food frequency questionnaire. Results Responses were obtained from 431/495 (87 per cent) subjects. Overall 87 (20 per cent) of subjects were classified as food insecure. Food insecurity was negatively associated with household income (p = 0.004). University-educated subjects (8 per cent) were less often food insecure than all others (26 per cent). Subjects who were food insecure were less likely to report eating fruit daily (food secure 48 per cent, food insecure 33 per cent, p = 0.017) or vegetables or salads daily (food secure 56 per cent, food insecure 34 per cent, p = 0.002). Conclusions Experiences of food insecurity may be common in households with incomes at the level of the UK national minimum wage or lower. 这篇论文的摘要所要涵盖的内容(背景,研究目的,研究方法,研究发现和结论???都一目了然地展现,且字数控制到位。这就是一篇很好的摘要来作为文章的缩影,使读者很快掌握文章内容,促进其流通性。初写论文的读者不妨可以加以效仿。 Keywords: food security, dietary intakes, income, socio- economic status论文的关键词,都是名词和名词短语。 (Tingay et al., 2003)(178 words) 摘要部分完成程度检测表(Checklist) 检查内容是或否(√/×)摘要中是否阐述了研究的背景信息?摘要中是否点明了研究的目的?摘要中是否陈述了研究是怎样进行的?摘要中是否阐述了研究的发现?摘要中是否阐述了研究的结论?摘要中的语言是否精炼?摘要的字数是否控制在范围内?摘要后是否列出论文的

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