高中英语必修四unit4语法：V-ing作定语和状语(公开课精品).pptVIP

The V-ing form ;动词-ing形式所充当的成份：; 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的 前面, 动名词作定语表示被修饰者的作用或功能, 现在分词作定语常表示被修饰者的动作或状态。 如：a sleeping car 卧车 = a car for sleeping a sleeping child 一个正在睡觉的孩子 = a child who is sleeping ;1) drinking water 饮用水 = water for drinking　 2) a walking stick 拐杖 = a stick for walking　 3) a reading room 阅览室 = a room for reading 　 4) a writing desk 写字桌　 = a desk for writing 5) tiring music 令人疲倦的音乐 = music which/that is tiring 6) a surprising result令人吃惊的结果 = a result which/that is surprising;2. V–ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词 之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 如：①The experiment was an amazing success. =The experiment was a success which was amazing. ②They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that/which faces the street. 3. V-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于 非限制性定语从句, 这时它与句子其他部分用 逗号分开。 如: His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.; 1)The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 2)Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 3) Her sons, both working abroad ring her every week. =Her sons, who both work / are both working abroad, ring her every week.;1. 现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是 句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑 上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。 如: Hearing the knock on the door，they stopped talking.听到有人在敲门，他们停止了谈话。 ＝When they heard the knock on the door, they stopped talking. （hearing的逻辑主语是句子的主语they 发出的， 当主从句主语相同时，可把从句改为分词短语） ;2. 现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语不是句子的 主语时, 不能直接用现在分词作状语。 判断正误： ①When she heard the words, her face went red.( ) ②Hearing the words, her face went red.( ) （分词hearing的逻辑主语不是句子的主语 her face发出的, 不能用现在分词作状语） 【注意】分词的逻辑主语不相同时, 要用独立主语， 即独立主格结构。 如:The girl waiting for the bus, a bird fell on her head． =When the girl waited for the bus, a bird fell on her head.;3. 少部分V-ing形式可以充当独立成分，这时句子主