高中英语选修7 unit3 under the sea语法.doc

沽源县第一中学导学案 模块内容：选修7 编制人：周欢 审核人：崔晓丽 使用时间： 年 月 日 PAGE  PAGE 10  PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 10 在预习中自学 在展示中自信 在合作中进步 在反思中提高 Book 7 Unit3 Under the sea grammar 随 笔 the Passive Voice of  —ing Form 1、V-ing 形式 V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成，其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。 时态 语态主动语态被动语态一般式(not) doing(not) being done完成式(not) having done(not) having been done【注】一般式：表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。 完成式：强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。 2、动词-ing形式的被动语态 当动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing 形式的被动语态。动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语，但不能单独作谓语。其完成式多在句中作状语。 3、动词-ing形式的被动式的句法功能 （1）用作主语 E.g. ①Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing. ②Being helped out by the killer whales, the whalers were able to make successful kill. ★ ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (上海高考题 2002)?A. Exposed????? B. Having exposed??? C. Being exposed????? D. After being exposed （2）用作宾语 E.g. ①He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher. ②I remember having been told the story.?? V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。 ★ The bird escaped _____________________ (catch). ★ He was afraid of _________________________(abandon) by us. 【注意】 在 avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on 等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。 （3）用作定语 E.g. ①The problem being discussed now is very important. ②?The house being built will be our library upon its completion. （4）用作状语 E.g. ①Being asked to answer the question, she couldn’t refuse. ②?Having been given such a good chance, how would you not value it at all? （5）用作表语 E.g. What worried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. （6）用作宾语补足语 E.g. ①You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere now. ②I saw a baby being caught away by two men. 【练习】 动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分? ★ So being killed by