经济学教学课件 06_4E.pptVIP

? 2007 Thomson South-Western;Supply, Demand, and Government Policies;CONTROLS ON PRICES;CONTROLS ON PRICES;How Price Ceilings Affect Market Outcomes;Figure 1 A Market with a Price Ceiling;Figure 1 A Market with a Price Ceiling;How Price Ceilings Affect Market Outcomes;CASE STUDY: Lines at the Gas Pump;Figure 2 The Market for Gasoline with a Price Ceiling;Figure 2 The Market for Gasoline with a Price Ceiling;CASE STUDY: Rent Control in the Short Run and Long Run;Figure 3 Rent Control in the Short Run and in the Long Run;Figure 3 Rent Control in the Short Run and in the Long Run;How Price Floors Affect Market Outcomes;Figure 4 A Market with a Price Floor;Figure 4 A Market with a Price Floor;How Price Floors Affect Market Outcomes;How Price Floors Affect Market Outcomes;CASE STUDY: The Minimum Wage;Figure 5 How the Minimum Wage Affects the Labor Market;Figure 5 How the Minimum Wage Affects the Labor Market;TAXES;How Taxes on Buyers (and Sellers) Affect Market Outcomes;How Taxes on Buyers Affect Market Outcomes;How Taxes on Buyers Affect Market Outcomes;Figure 6 A Tax on Buyers;Figure 7 A Tax on Sellers;Elasticity and Tax Incidence;Figure 8 A Payroll Tax;Elasticity and Tax Incidence;Figure 9 How the Burden of a Tax Is Divided;Figure 9 How the Burden of a Tax Is Divided;Elasticity and Tax Incidence ;Price controls include price ceilings and price floors. A price ceiling is a legal maximum on the price of a good or service. An example is rent control. A price floor is a legal minimum on the price of a good or a service. An example is the minimum wage. ;Taxes are used to raise revenue for public purposes. When the government levies a tax on a good, the equilibrium quantity of the good falls. A tax on a good places a wedge between the price paid by buyers and the price received by sellers. ;The incidence of a tax refers to who bears the burden of a tax. The incidence of a tax does not depend on whether the tax is levied on buyers or sellers. The incidence of the tax de