10深圳大学细胞生物学.pdfVIP

第十章 细胞骨架(Cytoskeleton) ●细胞骨架是指存在于真核细胞中的蛋白纤维 网架体系 有狭义和广义两种概念 ◆在细胞质基质中包括微丝、微管和中间纤维。 ◆在细胞核中存在核骨架-核纤层体系。核骨 架 、 核纤层与中间纤维在结构上相互连接, 贯穿 于细胞核和细胞质的网架体系。 ●细胞质骨架 ●核骨架 细胞骨架的组成和分布 ◆微管主要分布在核周围,并呈放射状向胞 质四周扩散； ◆肌动蛋白纤维主要分布在细胞质膜的内 侧和细胞核膜的内侧； ◆中间纤维则分布在整个细胞中。 第一节 细胞质骨架 ●微丝(microfilament, MF) ●微 管（microtubules） ●中间纤维（intermediate filament,IF) 3 Types of Filaments Intermediate Microtubules Actin 一、微丝(microfilament, MF) 又称肌动蛋白纤维(actin filament), 是指真核 细胞中由肌动蛋白(actin)组成、直径为7nm的骨架纤维。 (一)微丝的形态结构 成分及形态结构 ◆F-actin: F-肌动蛋白呈双股螺旋状,直径为8nm, 螺旋间的距离为37nm。 ◆G-actin:三个结合位点: ●一个ATP结合位点 ●两个肌动蛋白结合蛋白的结合位点。 ATP 4 ATP 2 3 1 PDB 2BTF G-actin PDB 2BTF G-actin Actin monomer, depicted above in two display modes, has subdomains 1-4. A simplified cartoon is at right. ATP binds, along with Mg++, within a deep cleft between subdomains 2 4. Actin monomer with bound ATP G-肌动蛋白与F-肌动蛋白模式图 (二)肌动蛋白纤维的装配 ◆装配过程 ●成核(nucleation) ●延伸(elongation) ● 稳定状态(steady state) 微丝的装配 Lamellipodia are thin but broad projections at the edge of a mobile cell. Lamellipodia are dynamic structures, constantly changing shape. Movie on lamellipodial action in wound closure at FishScope web site. Lamellipodia contain extensively branched arrays of actin filaments, oriented with their plus (barbed) ends toward the plasma membrane. Forward extension of a lamellipodium occurs by growth of actin filaments adjacent to the plasma membrane at the leading edge of a moving cell. Arp2/3, which nucleates ? + actin polymerization, is abundant in lamellipodia. Arp2/3 Arp2/3 complex consists of two actin-related proteins, actin-ADP Arp2 Arp3, plus