半夏珠芽发育过程的形态学和解剖学研究.pdfVIP

西北植物学报 ，2014，34(9)：1776—1781 Acta Bot．Borea1．一Occident．Sin． 文章编号 ：1000—4025(2014)09—1776—06 doi：10．7606／j．issn．1000—4025．2014．09．1776 半夏珠芽发育过程的形态学和解剖学研究 罗 睿，杜禹珊，孙莹莹，曹张俊 (贵州大学 生命科学学院，贵阳 550025) 摘 要：通过形态学观察和石蜡切片方法研究了半夏EPinellia ternata(Thunb．)Breit．]的珠芽发育过程，结果显 示：半夏珠芽着生于叶柄的下部，起始于幼嫩叶柄的腹面最外轮维管束外周薄壁细胞；恢复分裂的薄壁细胞分裂形 成珠芽原基细胞团，在原基生长突破叶柄表皮后分化形成具有生长点的珠芽结构 ，发育中的珠芽无根分化 ；珠芽的 生长被动地终止于叶片衰老(倒苗)，无明显的成熟发育过程。研究表明，半夏的珠芽是不定芽性质的无性繁殖结 构，但在发育过程上明显区别于其它植物的珠芽发育。 关键词：结构发育；珠芽；形态发育；半夏 中图分 类号 ：Q944．5 文献标志码 ：A M orphological Observation and Anatomical Study on Bulbil Development of Pineilia ternata LUO Rui，DU Yushan，SUN Yingying，CAO Zhangj un (College of Life Science，Guizhou University，Guiyang 550025，China) Abstract：Based on the morphological observation and anatomical study，we revealed the developmental characteristics of bulbil，which is the vegetative propagule of Banxia(Pinellia ternata)．The bulbil of P． ternata was formed in the loWer part of petiole．In young leaves，it was started from the parenchyma cells that located in the adaxial part near the outer ring of three—ring vascular bundle．Dedifferentiation ceils di— vided continuously to form the primodia of bulbil．The primodia differentiated to form the shoot apical mer— istem(SAM )on the top and to form the infant bulbil after it grew enough to protrude the surface of peti— ole．There was not root formation for developing bulbil．Bulbil growth stopped because of leaf senescence naturally．Our results indicated that bulbil of P．ternata was vegetative progagule that resembles the adven— titious bud．The development of bulbi1 in P．ternata was different from the formation of bulbils in other kinds of plant species． Key words：anatomica1 development；bulbil；morpho1ogica1 development；Pinellia ternata 药用植物半夏[Pinellia ternata(Thunb．)Bre— it．，Araceae]为东亚地区广布物种，在中国除内蒙、 青海、新疆和西藏外各省区均有分布。半夏的药用 历史悠久 ，最早见于长沙马王堆汉墓出土的药方 中， 为中药用半夏饮片、法半夏、姜半夏和清半夏的原药 植物。半夏能够合成半夏凝集素，该类蛋白对蚜虫 等刺吸式昆虫有毒，因此半夏也可用作生物农药，而 通过基因工程方式转移半夏凝集素基因到其它植物 体内也可提高宿主植物的抗虫性 。鉴于半夏的重 要和广泛用途，全国很多地方都