语法复习..pptVIP

Revision;Grammar 1: Simple Present Tense III;*一般现在时态的否定和疑问形式． 否定和疑问形式都要借助do/does. I like my picture. --- I don’t like my picture. --- Do you like your picture? ---What do you like?;She likes purple. --- She doesn’t like purple. ---Does she like purple? --- What does she like?;Grammar2: The Present Perfect Tense.;1.构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去 分词,即:have/has done, 现在以动词 work为例子将现在完成时态的肯定 形式, 否定形式和疑问形式及简略答 语讲解一下.;*肯定形式: I /You have worked. He/She/It has worked. We/You/They have worked.;*否定形式: I /You have not worked. He/She/It has not worked. We/You/They have not worked.;*疑问形式及简略答语: Have I /you worked? Yes, you/I have. No, you/I have not. Has he/she/it worked? Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it has not. Have we/you /they worked? Yes, you/we/they have. No, you/we/they have not.;2. 基本用法: A: 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成影响或结果. I have just washed my clothes. * 洗衣服是过去发生的动作, 对现在造成的结果是 “衣服洗干净了” .;B:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态, 常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括 “现在” 在内的一段时间状语连用. We have learned English for two years.;3. 现在完成时常和already, yet, sometime, always, never, ever, before, just等词连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的this morning, today, this week, this year等时间状语连用. I have written 3 English e-mails today. 今天我已经写了三封英文电子邮件了. I have painted six new pictures this week. 这周我已经画了六幅新画. I have seen you before. 我以前见过你.;4. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别: 现在完成时态表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 强调的是现在的情况, 所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用, 如:yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now, in 2000等.而一般过去时态只表示过去的动作或状态, 和现在不发生关系, 要和表示过去的时间状语连用. 试比较:;I have read the book. 我已经读过这本书. I read the book last year. 我去年读了这本书(只说明去年读了这本书, 不涉及现在的情况.) He has worked here since 1998. 1998年以来他一直在这里工作.(他现在还在这里工作) He worked here in 1998. 1998年他在这里工作.(不涉及现在他是否在这里工作);She has been a teacher for twenty years. 她当老师20年了.(她现在还是老师) She was a teacher for twenty years. 她当了20年老师.(不涉及现在是不是老师);5. 动词过去分词的构成: *规则变化: 和过去式变化规则相同 A: 动词原形+ed: played, wanted, worked B: 以不发音的e结尾的词加d: loved, liked, used C: 以辅音字母+y结尾的词, 先变y加为i, 再加ed: study—studied, try—tried, worry--worried D:末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词, 先 双写这个辅音字母， 再加