(英语语法复习小结.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 12 英语语法复习小结 Ⅰ 冠词 1. 有关类指 A horse is a domestic animal. (侧重任何一个的特点) The horse is a domestic animal. (指整个类别,区别于别类) Horses are domestic animals. (侧重许多个体) 三类各有侧重,如以下句子: Do you like horses? (不能说Do you like a horse?) The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. (不能说A tiger is in… ) 2. 某些物质名词或抽象名词，表“一类（种、份、场、阵等）” That’s a green tea. (一种绿茶) Two coffees 两份咖啡 3. 单数可数名词前不用 a (n) 连系动词turn 后。 After graduation from college he turned teacher (become a teacher). Child as/though he is, he knows a lot. Man为“人类”、word 为“消息”解时。 Word came that the Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in World Cup. 4. 一日三餐前有描绘性形容词时，常加不定冠词。如： We had a wonderful / delicious dinner. 5. 季节名词有限定性定语修饰时，表交通工具的名词有定语时，用定冠词；表星期几 的词前则常加不定冠词表“某一个”。 in the autumn of 1998 a Sunday in May They will leave by the 10:30 plane Ⅱ名词 1. some day, one day: 前者指将来的某一天，后者既可指将来某一天，也可指过去某一天。例：If you don’t work hard, you’ll regret some day (one day). I really saw Jack, your best friend, one day in Hong Kong. 2. 常见可变成可数名词的抽象名词：surprise, cold, pleasure, pity, failure, success, worry, honour, experience, must, difficulty, youth, beauty, wonder, danger, interest, cloth, pain 常见不能变成可数名词的抽象名词：fun, advice, information, health, progress, wealth, news, weather等，即使有形容词修饰也不加不定冠词。 3．双重所有格：其中带有’s部分的名词必须是一个明确限定而又指人的名词。如：a book of Mary’s 不能说 a book of a teacher’s Cf: a picture of my mother’s (指妈妈拥有的一张照片) a picture of my mother (妈妈本人的一张照片) 表赞美或厌恶等感情色彩时，前面的名词常有this, that, these, those等。 This little cat of your sister’s is really a dear. 你妹妹的这只小猫真可爱。（赞美） Ⅲ 代词 反身代词 含反身代词（oneself）的惯用语： by oneself (=alone) for oneself 为自己，亲自 of oneself 自动地 be oneself 处于正常状态 enjoy oneself seat oneself = sit dress oneself in 穿着 help oneself to come to oneself 苏醒 make oneself at home (不要客气) devote oneself to find oneself in/at 发觉自己来到… 不定代词 语法特征： every和 no 只作形容词，不作代词 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数。其他不定代词亦可作形容词(none不能) 复合不定代词不可接of短语，但分开写的some one 等可接。 No