新高一知识衔接—简单句基础知识.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 7 费县实验中学 朱宗彩 句法简单句 Part1: 预备知识—句子成分： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语：Subject :表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，也就是动作的发出者，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。 Eg: 1) A horse runs much faster than a cow. 2) Trees usually turn green in spring. 谓语：Predicate :谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 主要动词： 连系动词：be (am is are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become / turn / get / grow 变得 不及物动词 : laugh / smile / look / listen 及物动词 : see / hear / drank / eat 辅助动词：助动词do / does / did 情态动词: should, must, can... Eg: 1）They laughed loudly 2）We should study hard. （3） We are studying English. 判断be动词为连系动词还是助动词： 1.The boy is asleep 2.The boy is sleeping. 3.The boy is playing the guitar. 4.He is playing happily. 5.His music is very beautiful. 6.It is beautiful music. 宾语：Object :表示动作、行为的对象。也就是动作的接受者。 Eg: 1）I saw him last week. 2 ）We heard the bad news yesterday. 3）Don’t look down upon the disabled. 表语： 表语是谓语的一部分，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态，它位于系动词之后 Eg: 1）He is a boy. 2）They are students. 3）He looks / seems ill. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补） Eg: 1) His father named him Jack. 2) We found it interesting to picnic there. (如果宾语部分太长可用it作形式宾语) 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 Eg: 1) Guilin is a beautiful city. 2) He is reading an article about how to learn English. 同位语：Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday. I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子的词称为状语 Eg: 1) He can speak English fluently. 2) Unfortunately, he failed in the exam. Practice makes perfect 试判断这些句子的成分 1. She is a very good girl . 2. The girl is very good. (__) (__) (___) (__) (__) (___) 3. They laughed. 4. The kites fl