SodiumChlorideProcess.docxVIP

Sodium Chloride Process Brian Meeuwsen Katie Neta Isolation Purification Solution Mining (54%) Solution: 26% salt 73.5% water 0.5% impurities Evaporation = 99.8% purity Removes calcium, magnesium, and sometimes sulfate US food-grade salt = vacuum pan evaporation Rock Salt Mining (32%) 98.5-99.4% purity /search?q=rock+salt+miningclient=firefox-ahs=danrls=org.mozilla:en-US:officialsource=lnmstbm=ischsa=Xei=A_WCUvaUGent2wWJ9oCYBQved=0CAkQ_AUoAQbiw=997bih=604#facrc=_imgdii=_imgrc=3mz7HsH4fpObGM%3A%3Bp3XCDXCuujyu6M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F%252Fmine-salt-photo-gallary%252Frock-salt-mine-pakistan-01.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F%252Fnatural-crystal-salt-mine-pakistan.php%3B600%3B450 Isolation and Purification Solar Salt Production (14%) 99.98% purity 6 times the cost of rock salt mining 20 times the cost of solution mining US Usage Electrolysis /watch?v=1FDzt5VP50c Concentration is highly important Differ in products formed Dilute NaCl = 2H2 : O2 Concentrate NaCl = H2 : 2NaOH : Cl2 Cathode (reduction): Na+ + e- = Na Anode (oxidation): 2 Cl- = Cl2 + 2 e- Electrolytic process: 2Na+ + 2Cl- + 2H2O → 2Na+ + 2OH- + Cl2 + H2 /chemistry/electrochemistry/electrolysis/electrolysis-of-molten-sodium-chloride/ Caustic Soda Production Reaction Pathway 2 NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaCl2 NaCl + CO2 + NH3 + H2O → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl (I) CaCO3 → CO2 + CaO (II) 2 NH4Cl + CaO → 2 NH3 + CaCl2 + H2O (III) 2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 (IV) Why Important? Uses: Medical Invented by Hartog Jakob Hamburger 1896 In vitro study of RBC lysis Frequently used in hospitals Normal Saline; IV medications Fluid electrolyte replenisher Regulation within body maintains: Osmotic pressure Acid-base balance Volume of circulating body fluids $36 million/year /rxsucces/beginiv4.html Catalytic Properties Thermolysin Activation Increases the activity of Thermolysin by 13-15 times when in the presence of 4M NaCl at pH 7.0 at 25 degrees Celsius. Used as a Green Catalyst in aqueous reactions spirooxindole derivative synthesis