语言学课件整理新.docVIP

Linguistics TO EXPLORE THE MYTH OF LANGUAGE Three words you must know before learning Language? [l??gwid?] 语言 Linguistics [li?gwistiks] 语言学Linguist [li?gwist] 语言学家 知其然linguistics, including literature… language knowledge 知其所以然 Course objectives: mastery of basic linguistic terms concepts and theories. To arouse your interest in language and language phenomenon.Let you know the branches of linguistics . preparation for further study and research about language. Chapter One An Introduction to language and Linguistics 1. The Definition of Language 语言的定义： (1)语言是一种社会现象 ……语言区别于其他社会现象的专门的特点是 它是作为人们交际的工具、作为人们交流思想的工具来为社会服务的; (2) 它是作为人们的思维工具来为社会服务的。 就语言自身而言 ,它是由语音和语义结合而成、由词汇和语法所构成的符号系统。语言这个符号系统区别于其他符号系统—如 红绿灯、旗语、代数符号等—的特点是 社会性 ,复杂性 ,生成性。 ” Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.System:Symbol: words are symbols, they have concrete signs (sounds), and the sounds represent a certain meaning. Vocal: linguistic symbols are various movements of speech organs. Arbitrary: a linguistic symbol is composed of two things: speech sounds (form) and the idea (meaning) the sounds convey. The relation between the sounds and their meaning are not naturally, directly related.2. The Origin of Language 2.1 The divine-origin theory Christianity: God Egyptians: The God Thoth The Hindus: The God Brahma and Goddess Sarasvati 2.2 The invention theory The bow-wow theory 拟声说 The pooh-pooh theory 感叹说 The “yo-he-ho” theory 劳动喊声说 2.3 The evolutionary theory “language” does not refer to any certain language like English or Chinese. There are over 100 language families in the world. We will list top ten language families: pp 4-5 一、印欧语系 Indo-European family 二、乌拉尔语系 The Uralic Family 三、阿尔泰语系 The Altaic Family 四、汉藏语系 The Sino-Tibetan Family 五、南岛语系 The Malayo-Polynesian Family 六、闪含语系\亚非语系The Afro-Asiatic family七、高加索语系 The Caucasian Family 八、南印度达罗毗荼语系The Dravidian Family九、南亚语系 The Austro-Asiatic Family 十、尼日尔·刚果语系 The Niger-Congo Family 3. The Design Featur