Module3BodyLanguageandNon-verbalCommunicatio阅读与写作自然灾害类课件（外研版必修4）.ppt

阅读与写作(6)　定语从句　 自然灾害类 自然灾害是地球上的自然变异，包括人类活动诱发的自然变异，无时无地不在发生，当这种变异给人类带来危害时，即构成自然灾害。其中地震、火山、泥石流、海啸、台风、洪水等突发自然灾害会给人们生活带来重大影响。;美文赏析 So_heres_the_bad_news_for_the_5.3_million_New_York_City_workers_who_depend_on_the_subways_to_get_from_place_to_place：The entire system—all 1,050 km and 468 stations of it—is shut down，much of it flooded with corrosive(腐蚀性的)salt water.The Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) freely admits it has never faced anything like the severe① damage from Hurricane Sandy，and has absolutely no idea when the system will be up and running.“Well know it after everything is;done，”says MTA spokesman Charles Seaton.But the good news is—well，never mind.There isnt any.Really，its that bad，and if theres no telling when things will be repaired，theres even less ways of knowing what the eventual price tag② will be.Yes，there are lessons to be learned from the current③ emergency for both New York itself and urban planners everywhere；the question is whether theyll be heeded. ;New Yorks woes(难题)are partly a function④.New Yorks subway system is 108 years old.Its tunnels and stations are located close to or under rivers and harbors，and water seepage(渗水)is unavoidable.“We have three pump trains,300 pump rooms and dozens of portable pumps around the system，”says Seaton.“Even on a day when theres no rain，we pump out 13 million gallons of water.”;Hurricane Sandy，of course，put a lot more stress on the system than an ordinary rainless day.Flood water in lower Manhattan rose to 4.2 m，beating the record of 3 m set by Hurricane Donna in 1960.Much of Manhattan below 40th St.is without electricity.No subway system will ever be truly immune⑤ to weather events.This is especially so in great cities like New York，whose very greatness in part depends on their nearness to rivers，harbors and other bodies of water.;But spending money on the citys basic transport sys-tem is perfectly possible，and indeed essential⑥.That kind of preventive investment always seems too expensive at first，but on