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北京理工大学课件ppt飞行器系统概论Chapter4
4 Flight vehicle propulsion system ;Types of engines
Basic concepts and principles
Performance parameters
liquid rocket engine
solid rocket engine
combination engines
special engines
Engine application;4.1 Types of engine system;Aviation and space engines
-- development history
piston engines (活塞)
jet engines (喷气)
ramjet (冲压);4.1.1 Piston engines ;Complex construction
Small power, 70~2000kW
Used for low speed flight,
helicopters and
light low speed airplanes;;The power produced by a piston engine is converted into thrust by the propeller.
Propeller is composed of two or more blades attached to a central shaft(轴).
Blades, really just small wings;Propeller;Piston don’t produce aerodynamic,
by using propeller to produce lift.;turbojet(涡喷)
turbofan(涡扇)
turboprop(涡轮螺旋桨);With air-breathing channel,
( front, two sides, wing root)
compressor, combustion chamber,
turbine, and nozzle.
incendiary agent (fuel)
oxygen ;1) Turbojet engines;Two types: axis-flow type centrifugal type;Thrust for turbojet ;2) Turbofan engines;4.1.3 Ram engines;4.2 Basic concepts and principles;Combustion chamber;Pressure distribution:
Internal pressure
External (atmospheric) distribution;?Thrust
Thrust of rocket engine is:
momentum thrust
pressure difference thrust
Attention: No effect from the speed of a
rocket, only by altitude.;Jet engines
P is affected not only by flight speed,
but also by flight altitude.
V – aircraft speed
– air flow quantity per second;4.3 Main performance parameters;★ Vacuum thrust(真空推力); P = cppcAt
Where, pc – combustion pressure
At – nozzle throat area
cp =f ( Ae /At , pe /pc, k)
area ratio(面积比) -- Ae /At
pressure ratio(压强比) -- pe /pc
k – ratio of specific heat ( const pressure等压
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