Human α -globin gene expression and regulation research.docVIP

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 19 Human α -globin gene expression and regulation research Keywords: α -globin gene HS-40 gene expression Abstract The human α -globin gene cluster located on the short arm of chromosome 6 near telomeres area, by the four functional genes and 3 pseudogenes, of which, ξ -globin gene expression in the embryonic period, α 2, α 1 and θ -globin gene expression in fetal and adult period. α -globin gene regulatory sequences in the ξ -major globin gene upstream 40kb location, known as the HS-40, there are also other HS sites. In the HS-40 and various globin gene promoter on a variety of red lines and common trans-acting factor binding sites, which ensures synergy between the α -globin gene expression in the organization and sequence specificity. For the α -globin gene expression and regulation of the study used genetically modified animals and cell transfection method. Heme-binding proteins are a widespread class of proteins, from bacteria, fungi, mollusks, and vertebrates, cells of plants are distributed, function is also different, but they all come from a common ancestor gene. Hemoglobin in the body bear the transport of oxygen and CO2 physiological functions, each red blood cell contains about 280 million hemoglobin molecules, is the main protein in red blood cells. From the embryo, fetus, newborn to adulthood throughout the development process, a total of HbGower I (ζ 2ε 2), HbGower Ⅱ (α 2ε 2), HbPortland (ξ 2γ 2), HbF (α 2γ 2), HbA2 (α 2δ 2) and HbA (α 2β 2) in the six hemoglobin the emergence of the α and β classes by two different types of globin polypeptide chains and hemoglobin molecules, including α -globin genes, including ξ , α 2, α 1, and θ , β -globin, including β , δ , ε , and γ . α -globin and β -globin protein homology of 50%, similar spatial structure, about 5 billion years ago by a common ancestor of genes evolved. Human α -globin polypeptide chain a total of four kinds, ξ α gene and genes in about 4 million years a