普陀高中培训机构新王牌高中英语-定语从句课稿.doc

秋季英语专项资料 PAGE  PAGE - 8 - 新王牌 英语语法知识 定语从句（Attributive Clause） 一、定义： 1. 定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 2. 限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） 3. 非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整，形式上用逗号隔开，不能用that引导。整个句子可分成两句来翻译。 Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. 4.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。??系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词在限制性定语从句中常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句 2）代替先行词 3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 注：关系代词有主格、宾格之分。一般whom作为宾语。 二、关系代词: who, whom, which, that, whose, as 等，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1). who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2). whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom/who) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy (whom/who) I want to see. (3) The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who. He is the man whom/who I talk to. 如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.如： He is the man who has an English book. 3). which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词常放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置。 4). that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 5).whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。 1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 当whose引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 1）The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 2) Do you like the book whose color is yellow? Do you like the book of which the color is yellow? 关系代词引导定语从句时必须注意以下几点： 1.当定语从句中含有介词时： 1）如果介词放在句末,