高中语法之定语从句.pptVIP

定语从句;在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句 叫定语从句;相当于名词和形容词的作用。 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系代词或 关系副词;关系代词和关系副词的作用 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用;关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose） 的指代关系;3;(2) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. (3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时. This is the best film that I have ever seen.;(4) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。 This is the very book that I want to find. (5) 当先行词既指人又指物时 She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most. ;下面情况不用that: This is the book about 　　　　we are talking now． Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, 　　　　his parents expect. What’s that is flying in the sky? ; as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： ①as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 ②as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，常可翻译为“正如，正像”；而which常译为“这一点，这件事” ③ 在限制性定语从局中，如果先行词被as, so ,the same, such 修饰时，关系代词常用as;which和as的区别;★ as多用于一些习惯用语中： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的;5;(1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。　　 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? ;(2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. ;引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有： who, whom, whose, which, as, when 和 where 不可以用that和why 另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。 I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. ;(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。 ;The way __ you thought of to solve the problem is wonderful. A which B in which C whom D whose I don’t like ___ you learn English. A the way B the way in that C the way which