UniversityofManchesterSchoolofComputerScienceComp.ppt

University of Manchester School of Computer Science Comp30291 Digital Media Processing 2009-10 Section 4 ‘Design of FIR digital filters’;4.1.Introduction FIR digital filter of order M implemented by programming the signal-flow-graph shown below. Its difference equation is: y[n] = a0x[n] + a1x[n-1] + a2x[n-2] + ... + aMx[n-M];10th order FIR digital filter; Its impulse-response is {h[n]} = {..., 0, ..., a0, a1, a2,..., aM, 0, ...} Taking DTFT of impulse-response gives the frequency-response:;Observations about the inverse-DTFT;Reminder about integration;Reminder about complex numbers;What about the negative frequencies?;Gain phase response graphs with ?ve frequencies;Assume we require lowpass filter whose gain-response approximates the ideal brick-wall gain-response:;By inverse DTFT, required impulse-response is:;To complete the calculation:;Graph of sinc(x) against x;Plotting this ‘sinc’ graph in MATLAB;Graph of sinc(x) against x;Impulse-response for this ideal (brick-wall) lowpass filter ;Plotting this ‘stem’ graph in MATLAB; Reading from the graph or the MATLAB display, we get: {h?[n]} = { ..., -0.055, -0.07, 0, 0.14, 0.28, 0.33, 0.28, 0.14, 0, -0.07, -0.055, ... } A digital filter with this impulse-response would have exactly the ideal frequency-response we applied to the inverse-DTFT. ‘Brick-wall’ low-pass gain response phase = 0 for all ?. But {h?[n]} has non-zero samples extending from n?=?-? to??, Not a finite impulse-response. Also not causal. Not realisable in practice.;(2) Delay resulting sequence by M/2 samples to ensure that the first non-zero sample occurs at n = 0. Step (1) is ‘truncation’ or ‘windowing’ applied symmetrically about n=0.;n;n; If M=10, finite impulse-response obtained is: { ...0, -0.055, -0.07, 0, 0.14, 0.28, 0.33, 0.28, 0.14, 0, -0.07, -0.055, 0... } Obtained by truncating delaying {h?[n]} for ‘ideal’ lowpass digital filter with cut-off ?/3 radians/sample. Taking M = 4, we wou