西汉使者循行“举冤狱”之制考析.pdfVIP

2015 年第 2 期 法律科学（西北政法大学学报） • 195 · 文章编号：1674 -5205(2015)02-0195-(006) 西汉使者循行“举冤狱”之制考析 胡仁智 （西南政法大学行政法学院，重庆401120) 〔摘 要〕 西汉使者循行“举冤狱”之制萌芽于武帝时期，自宣帝时期形成定制。这一机制的形成，一方面是 汉代儒家德礼政刑学说、天人相与学说、灾异谴告学说及司法时令说对政治法制影响的结果，另一方面也是西汉中 后期改善地方司法状况的权宜之计。西汉使者循行“举冤狱”之制实质上是一项错案发现及纠正的特别机制，这一 机制在司法实践中虽然有助于冤案的发现及纠正，但也因本身所具有的随意性而使得对冤案的发现及纠正具有局 限性。 〔关键词〕 西汉时期：使者；循行举冤狱：错案纠正 Abstract ：四e envoy patrol and report “ not a fair criminal trial ” in Westem Han Dynasty originated from the period of Emperor Wu, in the Emperor Xuan period it was officially formed. The mechanism of formation, on the one hand was 出e result of 出e influence of new Confucian philosophy in the Han Dynasty. 啊1ese philosophical theories involved 由at the prin- ciple of morality, eti甲1ette , political, legal system, the relationship between the natural world and man, the warning signif- icance of natural disaster and the theoηof judicial se蹈。n. On the other hand, it is a matter of expediency to improve 由e place judicial status in the medium and later stage of Western Han Dynasty. 白1e said system is es回ntially a special mecha- nism of investigate and coπ·ect not a fair criminal trial, which although contributes to discover and correct unfair criminal cases in the judicial practice , however, because of 山 inherent randomness, there was some limitations in it. Key Words: Western Han Dynasty ; envoy; patrol and report ” not a fair criminal trial”；陀ctifying the wrong c皑白 中固分类号：DFU92 文献标识码：A 宣厥道，士有特招，使者之任也。详问隐处亡位，及冤 一、西汉时期使者循行“举冤狱”之制的形成 失职，奸猾为害，野荒治苛者，举奏。郡国有所以为便 西汉时期由皇帝派遣使者循行郡国始于汉文帝