作业01--地球物理学基础.pdf

地球物理学基础（2015） Homework #01 Starting time：2015-9-17(Thursday) Deadline：2015-9-24（Thursday） 1.Translation（20 points） A very interesting example of the sound waves in a solid, both longitudinal and transverse, are waves in the solid earth. Inside earth, from time to time, there are earthquakes so sound waves travel around in the earth. Therefore if we place a seismograph at some location and watch the way the thing jiggles after there has been an earthquake somewhere else, we might get jiggling, and a quieting down, and another jiggling… By using a large number of observations of many earthquakes at different places, we know what is inside the earth. 2.Translation of nouns（20 points） Seismology, Geomagnetics, Geothermics, Geodesy, Forward modeling, Inversion, Richter Magnitude Scale, Elastic behavior， Wave Equations, Brittle deformation 地球物理学，转动惯量，非均匀性，各向异性，边界条件， 震源机制，自由震荡，软流圈，岩石圈，地幔 3. Write down Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion. Which law is a result of the conservation of momentum? Which law is a result of the conservation of energy?(15 points) 4. What are the major discontinuities in the Earth’s internal structure? How are they known? (15 points) 5. For a sphere, moment of inertia is given as I = KM??2，please prove below three situations： (a) If the sphere is homogenous (uniform density), K = 0.40; (b) If all the mass of the sphere is on the outside, K = 0.67; (c) For a two layer earth with a denser core whose radius is 0.50 that of the entire planet, with the density of core is three times greater than rim, K=0.33. (30 points) 注意：1、以上所有题目（英译汉除外），用中文或者英文回答都可以； 2、作业需交纸质版，请使用 A4 打印纸或者同等大小的纸张作答，无需再抄题目，标 清楚题号即可，手写或者电子打印都可以； 3、请在第一页页首位置写上你的信息，格式是“姓名+单位+学号”。 4、附加题可以不做，但鼓励大家去做。 5、要求独立完成，鼓励大家互相讨论，有不懂的可以问助教或者问老师，但是请勿 抄袭，否则按照学???相关规定，记零分处理。