第四章-遥感图像处理.pptVIP

第四章 遥感图像处理;第一节 光学原理与光学处理;2、颜色的性质： 所有颜色都是对某段波长有选择地反射而对其他波长吸收的结果。 颜色的性质由明度、色调、饱和度来描述。 （1）明度：是人眼对光源或物体明亮程度的感觉。 物体反射率越高，明度就越高。 （2）色调：是色彩彼此相互区分的特性。 （3）饱和度：是色彩纯洁的 程度，即光谱中波长段是否窄，频率是否单一的表示。;;;; 3、颜色立体 （1）颜色立体：中间垂直轴代表明度 ；中间水平面的圆周代表色调；圆周上的半径大小代表饱和度。 （2）孟赛尔颜色立体：中轴代表无色彩的明度等级；在颜色立体的水平剖面上是色调；颜色历代中央轴的水平距离代表饱和度的变化。;;二、加色法与减色法;3、颜色相减原理;三、光学增强处理; 三、光学增强处理;加色法彩色合成;减色法彩色合成;光学增强处理;图像的相加和相减 （ 光栅滤波法） ;遥感黑白影象的假彩色编码;第二节 数字图像的校正;一、数字图像及其直方图;数字图象;数字图像直方图：以每个像元为单位，表示图像中各亮度值或亮度值区间像元出现的频率的分布图。 直方图的作用：直观地了解图像的亮度值分布范围、峰值的位置、均值以及亮度值分布的离散程度。直方图的曲线可以反映图像的质量差异。 正态分布：反差适中，亮度分布均匀，层次丰富，图像质量高。 偏态分布：图像偏亮或偏暗，层次少，质量较差。 ;直方图;The Image Histogram;A histogram is a graphical representation of the brightness values that comprise an image. The brightness values (i.e. 0-255) are displayed along the x-axis of the graph. The frequency of occurrence of each of these values in the image is shown on the y-axis. ;二、辐射校正（Radiometric correction ）;Striping was common in early Landsat MSS data due to variations and drift in the response over time of the six MSS detectors. The drift was different for each of the six detectors, causing the same brightness to be represented differently by each detector. The corrective process made a relative correction among the six sensors to bring their apparent values in line with each other;Dropped lines occur when there are systems errors which result in missing or defective data along a scan line. Dropped lines are normally corrected by replacing the line with the pixel values in the line above or below, or with the average of the two. ;大气影响的定量分析 ：大气的主要影响是减少了图像的对比度，使原始信号和背景信号都增加了因子，图像质量下降。 大气影响的粗略校正：通过简单的方法去掉程辐射度（散射光直接进入传感器的那部分），从而改善图像质量。 直方图最小值去除法 回归分析法:校正的方法是将波段b中每个像元的亮度值减去a，来改善图像，去掉程辐射。 ;直方图最小值去除法;三、几何校正;Geometric Correction;The geometric registration process involves identifying the image coordinates (i.e. row, column) of several clearly discernible points, called ground control points (or GCPs), in the distorted image (A - A1 to A4), and matching them to