第八章糖代谢(双语)2011学生.ppt

第八章糖代谢 Physiological function of carbohydrate 1. Generation of metabolic energy（The most important function） 2. Supply of biosynthetic precursors 3. Derivation of important bioactive compounds (such as NAD+, FAD, ATP) §1 Overview 1. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrate Absorbing pathway of monosaccharide 单糖吸收途径 2. Overview of carbohydrate metabolism 2. 糖代谢概况 Catabolic pathways of carbohydrate 1. glycolysis (糖酵解) 2. aerobic oxidation of carbohydrate (糖的有氧氧化) 3. pentose phosphate pathway （磷酸戊糖途径) 概念：无氧，葡萄糖（糖原）→乳酸 (lactate) （共11步化学反应，分为以下4个阶段） (1) Glucose fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (2) fructose- 1,6- bisphosphate 2×phosphotrios (3) glyceraldehyde–3-phosphate pyruvate 糖酵解全过程 糖酵解全过程 2) Regulation of glycolysis 3) physiological functions of glycolysis 糖酵解的生理意义： ①某些组织生理情况下的供能途径 （成熟红细胞、视网膜、皮肤、肾髓质、睾丸、肿瘤细胞） ②是机体相对缺氧时补充能量的一种有效方式 （机体缺氧、剧烈运动肌肉局部缺血等， 能迅速获得能量。） 2 . Aerobic oxidation of carbohydrate 1) Process of carbohydrate aerobic oxidation Stage 1：glucose→ →pyruvate（cytoplasm） Stage 2： pyruvate → →acetyl CoA  （mitochondria） Components of pyruvate dehydrogenase system 丙酮酸脱氢酶系的组成 Stage 3： Tricarboxylic acid Cycle (TCAC)  （mitochondria） 1. Process of TCAC 三羧酸循环的过程 三羧酸循环的反应特点 2. Characteristic of TCAC Supplement of oxaloacetate 2) Regulation of carbohydrate aerobic oxidation 3) physiological significance of aerobic oxidation Stage 2：2 pyruvate → 2 acetyl CoA Stage 3：TCAC The TCAC is the final common pathway for the aerobic oxidation of carbohydrate, lipid and protein Comparison between glycolysis and aerobic oxidation 糖酵解与有氧氧化的异同点 3. Pentose phosphate pathway Pentose phosphate pathway Stage 1 Stage 2 Regulation of Pentose phosphate pathway Key enzyme: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Physical significance of Pentose phosphate pathway Physical significance of Pentose phosphate pathway Physical significance of Pentose phosphate pathway 糖代谢补充复习题 1.??