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Combined effects of hyperglycemic conditions and HIV-1 Nef a potential model for induced HIV neuropathogenesis.doc

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Combined effects of hyperglycemic conditions and HIV-1 Nef a potential model for induced HIV neuropathogenesis

Virology Journal BioMedCentral Research Open Access Combined effects of hyperglycemic conditions and HIV-1 Nef: a potential model for induced HIV neuropathogenesis Edward A Acheampong1, Cassandra Roschel2, Muhammad Mukhtar3, Alagarsamy Srinivasan4, Mohammad Rafi5, Roger J Pomerantz6 and Zahida Parveen*1 Address: 1The Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Division of Infectious Diseases and Environmental Medicine, PA 19107, USA, 2Bioscience Technologies - Biotechnology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA, 3Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan, 4NanoBio Diagnostics, West Chester, PA 19382, USA, 5Department of Neurology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA and 6Tibotec Inc. 1020 Stony Hill Road, Suite 300, Yardley, PA 19067, USA Email: Edward A Acheampong - eacheamp@; Cassandra Roschel - Cassandra.Roschel@; Muhammad Mukhtar - mukhtar.muhammad@; Alagarsamy Srinivasan - alagarsamy.srinivasan@; Mohammad Rafi - Mohammad.Rafi@; Roger J Pomerantz - RPomeran@; Zahida Parveen* - zahida.parveen@ * Corresponding author Published: 30 October 2009 Received: 4 May 2009 Accepted: 30 October 2009 Virology Journal 2009, 6:183 doi:10.1186/1743-422X-6-183 This article is available from: /content/6/1/183 ? 2009 Acheampong et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Hyperglycemic conditions associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) or with the use of antiretroviral therapy may increase the risk of central nervous system (CNS) disorders in HIV-1 infected patients. In support of this hypothesis, we investigated the combined effects of hyperglycemic conditions and HIV-1 accessory protein Nef on the CN