Effect of Opuntia humifusa Supplementation and Acute Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity and Associations with PPAR-γ and PGC-1α Protein Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Rats.docVIP

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Effect of Opuntia humifusa Supplementation and Acute Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity and Associations with PPAR-γ and PGC-1α Protein Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Rats.doc

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Effect of Opuntia humifusa Supplementation and Acute Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity and Associations with PPAR-γ and PGC-1α Protein Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Rats

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 7140-7154; doi:10.3390/ijmOPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Article Effect of Opuntia humifusa Supplementation and Acute Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity and Associations with PPAR-γ and PGC-1α Protein Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Rats Junyong Kang, Junghun Lee, Daekeun Kwon and Youngju Song * Laboratory of Sports Nutrition, Sunmoon University, Asan 336-708, Korea; E-Mails: garcia60@sunmoon.ac.kr (J.K.); knupeboy@ (J.L.); ksunsu@ (D.K.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: song6711@sunmoon.ac.kr; Tel.: +82-41-530-2239; Fax: +82-41-530-2810. Received: 11 December 2012; in revised form: 21 March 2013 / Accepted: 25 March 2013 / Published: 28 March 2013 Abstract: This study examined whether Opuntia humifusa (O. humifusa), which is a member of the Cactaceae family, supplementation and acute swimming exercise affect insulin sensitivity and associations with PPAR-γ and PGC-1α protein expression in rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups (HS: high fat diet sedentary group, n = 8; HE: high fat diet acute exercise group, n = 8; OS: 5% O. humifusa supplemented high fat diet sedentary group, n = 8; OE: 5% O. humifusa supplemented high fat diet acute exercise group, n = 8). Rats in the HE and OE swam for 120 min. before being sacrificed. Our results indicated that serum glucose level, fasting insulin level and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in OS were significantly lower compared to those of the HS (p 0.01, p 0.05, p 0.05). In addition, PPAR-γ protein expression in the OS and OE was significantly higher than that of the HS and HE, respectively (p 0.05, p 0.01). PGC-1α and GLUT-4 protein expressions in the OS were significantly higher compared to those of the HS (p 0.05, p 0.05). From these results, O. humifusa supplementation mig