学术英语写作(杨新亮,熊艳)introductionP203~205.docVIP

Introduction? 203 -208页 ? In?recent?years?there?has?been?considerable?interest?in?exploring?the?nature?of?expert?performance?across?domains?(?e.g.,Ericsson,Hoffman,Charness,Feltovich.2006;Ericsson Williams, 2007).For?example,scientists?with?an?interest?in?sports?have analyzed?the?perceptual cognitive?skills?underpinning?anticipation?in?this?domain?and identified?how?these?processes?are?acquired?through?prolonged engagement?in?practice?(for?reviews,?see?Hodges,?Huys,?Starkes,?2O07:?Williams?Ford.?2008?:?Williams?Ward,?2007?).The? scientific?study?of?skill?acquisition?has?a long?history?in?experimental?psychology,dating?back?to?the?early?studies?of?Bryan?and?Harter?(1899).In?more?recent?times,?Poulton?(1957)?was?the?first to?systematically?discriminate?between?different?types?of?anticipation?judgements?using?experimetal?methods?common?to? this?discipline.?The?scientific?study?of?anticipation?as?a?field?of?inquiry?in?its?own?right?in?sport?psychologyhas?a??much?shorter ?history,?emerging?primarily?in?1970s?(?far?a?historical?overview,?see??Williams.?Davids.??Williams,?1999).The?majority?of?sport?psychologists?work?in?multi_disciplinary?departments?where?research?in?traditional?discipline?areas,such?as?physiology.?psychology.?and?biomechanics, often develops?somewhat?independently?of?academic?endeavour?within? the?main?disciplines?themselves.?The empirical findings?that?have?been?reported?on?anticipation?in?the?field?of sport?psychology?could?therefore?contribute?to?the?generation?of? new?knowledge?on?this?topic?in?the?parent?discipline?area,?and?particularly?in?applied?cognitive?psychology. 近年来，在探索专家性能的跨域的性质得到了相当大的兴趣例如，爱立信，霍夫曼， feltovich查尼斯， 2006；爱立信威廉姆斯，2007）例如，对体育感兴趣的科学家分析了感性认知技能支撑预期在本域和确定这些过程是如何在实践中通过长期参与收购，见霍奇，huys， Starkes，2o07：威廉姆斯福特2008：威廉姆斯，2007）。技能习得科学研究实验心理学历史悠久，可以追溯到布莱恩和哈特的早期研究（1899）。在更近的时候，波尔顿（1957第一次系统区分不同类型的预期判断的实验方法普遍对这门学科之间的。期待一场体育中自己的权利探究心理更短的科学史研究，主要出现在上世纪70年代（历史回顾，见威廉姆斯戴维斯威廉姆斯，1999）在研究传统学科领域中的大多数运动心理学家的工作，如生理学心理学和生物力学，往往在发展主要的学科本身独立的学术努力已经报道了在