朱熹对胡宏在知言疑义中的义理争辩之解析.doc

《知言疑義》中朱熹與胡宏義理爭辯之解析 The analysis of the Argument in The query of ZHI YAN between CHU-HSI and Hu Hong 臺灣大學哲學系副教授杜保瑞 Duhbauruei 摘要： 　　本文討論《知言疑義》中朱熹與胡宏的義理爭辯問題。胡宏之學，主要即是對先秦至北宋傳統儒學的繼承，就儒學理論創造的深度而言，應只是一般以上的水平，倒是朱熹在《知言疑義》中的認真對辯的事件，突顯朱熹哲學創作的特色，因而胡宏之學亦以此而顯見其哲學史之意義。本文之討論分三階段進行，第一階段討論朱熹與胡宏兩造哲學理路之基本性格差異。第二階段說明《知言疑義》中的問題意識宗旨。第三階段針對《知言疑義》之文本做逐段分析。 This paper is going to discuss the argumentation around Chu-Hsi and Hu-Hong in The query of ZHI YAN. The main spirit in the philosophy of Hu Hong is to succeed the Confucian tradition from pre-Qin to North Song. The achievement of his philosophy is just above the average. But the fact that his book of ZHI YAN was so strongly questioned by Master Chu-Hsi shows the position of his philosophy in the philosophical history and the characteristic of Chu-Hsi’s philosophy. This paper will be proceeded in three sections, 1st the different philosophy between Chu-Hsi and Hu-Hong, 2nd the main point of the consciousness in the query of ZHI YAN, 3rd the test analysis to the query of ZHI YAN. The practical philosophy and the theory of being (ontology) will be the analytical structure applied in this paper, through the help of which the author are going to tell there is no conflict in between them owning to their different philosophical issues, and by this work to illustrate their philosophical points. 關鍵辭：朱熹，胡宏，《知言疑義》，存有論，牟宗三， CHU-HSI, Hu Hong, The query of ZHI YAN, theory of being, Mo Zhon San, 一、前言： 　　胡宏之學，因稟承家學之故，多能論於歷史評價，見於其《知言》一書，然《知言》中亦多有論於天道性命之學者，頗受當代學者重視，所述之筆力亦雄渾剛毅，似張載，後人於其所述仍易有理解之困難，弟子張南軒即不能全解師義而有疑問，至於朱熹，則以其自身龐大之哲學體系中之用語方式及論理格式以評論胡宏，卻多有誤解。胡宏之學精練而言寡，語其所論未網羅義理之全備則可，評其所論有義理之誤謬則不必。胡宏前有二程後有朱熹，他在哲學史上的地位本不彰顯，然朱熹疑義《知言》，因有《知言疑義》之出，胡宏之學因其與朱熹理路之差異而受到當代的注意，牟宗三先生即於《心體與性體》書中盡詮《知言疑義》之全文，其疏理亦實詳密。惟牟先生義理架構龐大綿遠，非盡解牟學者亦難以藉其所著而知朱胡兩家之意旨。本文之作，即欲就《知言疑義》中朱熹對胡宏之批評意見進行疏理，企圖還原胡宏述學之理路，亦就此澄清朱熹論述之脈絡。 　　本文以下之討論將分三階段進行論述，第一階段針對朱熹與胡宏兩造哲學理路之基本性格差異提出說明。第二階段說明《知言疑義》中的問題意識宗旨。第三階段即針對《知言疑義》之文本逐段分析，以使此一哲學衝突之理路詳細明析，而爲朱胡之辯有以消解之，此一消解非謂朱胡並無差異，而是說朱胡之差異及朱熹所提之衝突性意見事實上是兩造