recombinationandcomplementation-d-ned.docVIP

Dr. Nedwidek Genetics Research Complementation and Recombination Notes: 10/15-18/2013 Aim 1: How do we relate epistasis to complementation? (Griff 240-top of 246) Agenda items: Your next exam is Tuesday, October 22, 2013. DN: What is a pathway? Contrast epistatic with hypostatic. Complementation tests allow you to see if two mutations affect the same gene or affect two different genes in a pathway. Pathway Models: -The three models of epistasis we discussed all involve pathways. -Interactions we looked at in plants control pigment formation. What is the advantage to controlling pigment formation? -Outcomes/color phenotypes are easy to assess. -Importantly, the “wildtype” enzymes are not necessarily dominant but need only to be present to rescue certain phenotypes. What is rescue? Recall that the phenotypes we talk about now, while they can manifest as dominant and recessive can also present with presence or absence of pigment. Against intuition, as evident in dominant epistasis, the LACK of pigment can be dominant. Likewise, the presence of pigment can be recessive. Or the pigment may simply be expressed (+) or not (-). Let’s consider harebell flowers: pages 235-238 from Griffiths: Complementary genes same pathway. -wild type is blue color. -Mutants $ and ￡ are both in the same gene. Mutant ￥ is in another gene. Both genes make enzymes that are needed for blue pigment. So some mutations can still allow pigment to be made as long as a complete gene is present: Diploid, case 1: Gene 1 Gene2 Diploid, case 2: Gene 1 Gene 2 $ + + ￥ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ￡ + ￡ + enzyme 1 enzyme 2 enzyme 1 enzyme 2 not made OK OK OK Why are the respective enzymes made in case 1? In case 2? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________