Apoptotic and Autophagic Effects of Sesbania grandiflora Flowers in Human Leukemic Cells.docVIP

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Apoptotic and Autophagic Effects of Sesbania grandiflora Flowers in Human Leukemic Cells.doc

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Apoptotic and Autophagic Effects of Sesbania grandiflora Flowers in Human Leukemic Cells

ApoptoticandAutophagicEffectsofSesbania grandifloraFlowersinHumanLeukemicCells RajneetaRoy1.,DeepakKumar1.,BiswajitChakraborty2,ChinmayChowdhury2,PadmaDas1* 1CancerBiologyandInflammatoryDisorderDivision,CSIR-IndianInstituteofChemicalBiology,Kolkata,WestBengal,India,2ChemistryDivision,CSIR-IndianInstituteof ChemicalBiology,Kolkata,WestBengal,India Abstract Background: Identification of cytotoxic compounds that induce apoptosis has been the mainstay of anti-cancer therapeuticsforseveraldecades.Inrecentyears,focushasshiftedtoinducingmultiplemodesofcelldeathcoupledwith reducedsystemictoxicity.TheplantSesbaniagrandifloraiswidelyusedinIndiantraditionalmedicineforthetreatmentofa broadspectrumofdiseases.Thisencouragedustoinvestigateintotheanti-proliferativeeffectofafraction(F2)isolated fromS.grandifloraflowersincancercellsanddelineatetheunderlyinginvolvementofapoptoticandautophagicpathways. PrincipalFindings:UsingMTTbasedcellviabilityassay,weevaluatedthecytotoxicpotentialoffractionF2.Itwasthemost effective on U937 cells (IC50:18.6mg/ml). Inhibition of growth involved enhancement of Annexin V positivity. This was associated with elevated reactive oxygen species generation, measured by flow cytometry and reduced oxygen consumption–botheffectsbeingabrogatedbyanti-oxidantNAC.Thiscausedstimulationofpro-apoptoticproteinsand concomitantinhibitionofanti-apoptoticproteinexpressionsinducingmitochondrialdepolarization,asmeasuredbyflow cytometryandreleaseofcytochromec.Interestingly,evenwiththesemolecularfeaturesofapoptosis,F2wasabletoalter AtgproteinlevelsandinduceLC3processing.Thiswasaccompaniedbyformationofautophagicvacuolesasrevealedby fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy – confirming the occurrence of autophagy. Eventually, F2 triggered caspasecascade–executionersofprogrammedcelldeathandAIFtranslocationtonuclei.Thisculminatedincleavageof theDNArepairenzyme,poly(ADP-ribose)polymerasethatcausedDNAdamageasprovedbystainingwithHoechst33258 leadingtocelldeath. Conclusion