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Chimpanzees and Bonobos Exhibit Emotional Responses to Decision Outcomes.doc

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Chimpanzees and Bonobos Exhibit Emotional Responses to Decision Outcomes

ChimpanzeesandBonobosExhibitEmotionalResponses toDecisionOutcomes AlexandraG.Rosati*¤,BrianHare DepartmentofEvolutionaryAnthropology,CenterforCognitiveNeuroscience,DukeUniversity,Durham,NorthCarolina,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract The interface between cognition, emotion, and motivation is thought to be of central importance in understanding complex cognitive functions such as decision-making and executive control in humans. Although nonhuman apes have complexrepertoiresofemotionalexpression,littleisknownabouttheroleofaffectiveprocessesinapedecision-making.To illuminatetheevolutionaryoriginsofhuman-likepatternsofchoice,weinvestigateddecision-makinginhumans’closest phylogenetic relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). In two studies, we examined these species’temporalandriskpreferences,andassessedwhetherapesshowemotionalandmotivationalresponsesindecision- makingcontexts.Wefindthat(1)chimpanzeesaremorepatientandmorerisk-pronethanarebonobos,(2)bothspecies exhibit affective and motivational responses following the outcomes of their decisions, and (3) some emotional and motivational responses map onto species-level and individual-differences in decision-making. These results indicate that apes do exhibit emotional responses to decision-making, like humans. We explore the hypothesis that affective and motivationalbiasesmayunderliethepsychologicalmechanismssupportingvalue-basedpreferencesinthesespecies. Citation: Rosati AG, Hare B (2013) Chimpanzees and Bonobos Exhibit Emotional Responses to Decision Outcomes. PLoS ONE 8(5): e63058. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0063058 Editor:GiuseppediPellegrino,UniversityofBologna,Italy ReceivedDecember19,2012;AcceptedMarch27,2013;PublishedMay29,2013 Copyright: ? 2013 Rosati, Hare. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:This