1.前言preface教程方案.ppt

English PhonologyPreface The Phonic Medium of Language Phonetics Phonology Speech Organs/Vocal Organs Vowels Consonants Test Yourself The phonic medium of language Speech and writing are the two media or substances used by natural languages as vehicles for communication. Over 5,000 Which medium is more basic? Of the two media of language, speech is more basic than writing. The writing system of any language is always “invented” by its users to record speech when the need arises. Phonetics 语音学 Phonetics is the study of sounds Speech Production (Speaker A) Speech Perception (Speaker B) be transmitted Articulatory phonetics Acoustic phonetics Auditory phonetics 发音语音学 声学语音学 听觉语音学 Phonetics looks at speech sounds from three distinct but related points of view. There are three branches of phonetics: articulatory phonetics: is the study of the production of speech sounds, it studies the sounds from the speaker’s point of view, i.e., how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate the sounds. acoustic phonetics: is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech, it studies the way sounds travel by looking at the sound waves, the physical means by which sound are transmitted through the air from one person to another. auditory phonetics: is the study of the perception of speech sounds, it looks at the sounds from the hearer’s point of view, i.e., how the sounds are perceived by the hearer. the longest history Phonology 音位学 Phonology is the study of sound patterns. Phonology is concerned with the linguistic patterning of sounds in human languages, with its primary aim being to discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur. Speech Organs/Vocal Organs The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the nasal cavity---the nose the oral cavity---the mouth the pharyngeal cavity---the throat (Throat) 声带 [f?r?nd???l][,f?rind?i:?l]